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By Jeffrey A. Singer
In this paper I will be dealing with the ancient medical art of Acupuncture. Today in most western cultures it is considered a "new alternative" medicine. In reality Acupuncture (and its related Moxibustion) are practiced medical treatments that are over 5,000 years old. Very basically, Acupuncture is the insertion of very fine needles, (sometimes in conjunction with electrical stimulus), on the body's surface, in order to influence physiological functioning of the body.
Acupuncture can also be used in conjunction with heat produced by burning specific herbs, this is called Moxibustion. In addition, a non-invasive method of massage therapy, called Acupressure, can also be effective.
The first record of Acupuncture is found in the 4,700 year old Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine). This is said to be the oldest medical textbook in the world. It is said to have been written down from even earlier theories by Shen Nung, the father of Chinese Medicine. Shen Nung documented theories about circulation, pulse, and the heart over 4,000 years before European medicine had any concept about them.
As the basis of Acupuncture, Shen Nung theorized that the body had an energy force running throughout it. This energy force is known as Qi (roughly pronounced Chee). The Qi consists of all essential life activities which include the spiritual, emotional, mental and the physical aspects of life. A person's health is influenced by the flow of Qi in the body, in combination with the universal forces of Yin and Yang . (I will discuss Yin and Yang a little later). If the flow of Qi is insufficient, unbalanced or interrupted, Yin and Yang become unbalanced, and illness may occur. Qi travels throughout the body along "Meridians" or special pathways. The Meridians, (or Channels), are the same on both sides of the body (paired). There are fourteen main meridians running vertically up and down the surface of the body. Out of these, there are twelve organ Meridians in each half of the body (remember they are in pairs). There are also two unpaired midline Meridians. There will be a diagram of Acupuncture points for treating diseases of the Meridians at the end of the digestive system paper. (See Appendix 1). The acupuncture points are specific locations where the Meridians come to the surface of the skin, and are easily accessible by "needling," Moxibustion, and Acupressure. The connections between them ensure that there is an even circulation of Qi, a balance between Yin and Yang.
Energy constantly flows up and down these pathways. When pathways become obstructed, deficient, excessive, or just unbalanced, Yin and Yang are said to be thrown out of balance. This causes illness. Acupuncture is said to restore the balance.
Yin and Yang is an important theory in the discussion of Acupuncture treatment, in relation to the Chinese theory of body systems. As stated earlier Qi is an energy force that runs throughout the body. In addition, Qi is also prevalent throughout nature as well. Qi is comprised of two parts, Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang are opposite forces, that when balanced, work together. Any upset in the balance will result in natural calamities, in nature; and disease in humans. Yin is signified by female attributes, passive, dark, cold, moist, that which moves medially, and deficient of Yang. Yang is signified by male attributes, light, active, warm, dry, that which moves laterally, and deficient of Yin. Nothing is completely Yin or Yang. The most striking example of this is man himself. A man is the combination of his mother (Yin) and and his father (Yang). He contains qualities of both: This is the universal symbol describing the constant flow of yin and yang forces. You'll notice that within yin, there is Yang, and within Yang, there is the genesis of Yin. Whether or not you believe in Taoist philosophy, (which all this is based on), one thing is indisputable: Acupuncture works.
Acupuncturists can use as many as nine types of Acupuncture needles, though only six are commonly used today. These needles vary in length, width of shaft, and shape of head. Today, most needles are disposible. They are used once and disgarded in accordance with medical biohazard regulations and guidlines. There are a few different precise methods by which Acupuncturists insert needles. Points can be needled anywhere in the range of 15 degrees to 90 degrees relative to the skin surface, depending on the treatment called for. In most cases, a sensation, felt by the patient, is desired. This sensation, which is not pain, is called deqi (pronounced dah-chee). The following techniques are some which may be used by an Acupuncturist immediately following insertion: Raising and Thrusting, Twirling or Rotation, Combination of Raising/Thrusting and Rotation, Plucking, Scraping (vibrations sent through the needle), and Trembling (another vibration technique). Once again, techniques are carefully chosen based on the ailment.
There are a few related procedures that fall into the range of Acupuncture treatments. The first is Electro-Acupuncture. This is the using of very small electrical impulses through the Acupuncture needles. This method is generally used for analgesia (pain relief or prevention). The amount of power used is only a few micro amperes, but the frequency of the current can vary from 5 to 2,000 Hz. The higher frequencies are generally used for surgery (usually abdominal), and the lower frequencies for general pain relief. The first reported successful use of Electro-Acupuncture was in 1958 in China for a tonsillectomy. Today, it is a common method of surgical analgesia used in China. Other methods for stimulating Acupuncture points have used Lasers and sound waves (Sonopuncture). A very commonly used treatment in the United States is Auriculotherapy or Ear Acupuncture. The theory is that since the ear has a rich nerve and blood supply, it would have connections all over the body. For this reason, the ear has many Acupuncture points which correspond to many parts and organs of the body. Auricular Acupuncture has been successful in treating problems ranging from obesity to alcoholism, to drug addiction. There are numerous studies either completed, or currently going on which affirms Auricular Acupuncture's effectiveness. (These will be mentioned in detail later on in the paper.)
Another popular treatment method is Moxibustion, which is the treatment of diseases by applying heat to Acupuncture points. Acupuncture and Moxibustion are considered complimentary forms of treatment, and are commonly used together. Moxibustion is used for ailments such as bronchial asthma, bronchitis, certain types of paralysis, and arthritic disorders.
Cupping is another type of treatment. This is a method of stimulating Acupuncture points by applying suction through a metal, wood or glass jar, in which a partial vacuum has been created. This technique produces blood congestion at the site, and therefore stimulates it. Cupping is used for low backache, sprains, soft tissue injuries, and helping relieve fluid from the lungs in chronic bronchitis.
One of the most popular alternatives to Acupuncture is Acupressure. This is simply Acupuncture without needles. Stimulation of the Acupuncture points is performed with the fingers or an instrument with a hard ball shaped head. Another variation of Acupressure is Reflexology (also called Zone Therapy). This is where the soles of the feet and the posterio-inferior regions of the ankle joints are stimulated. Many diseases of the internal organs can be treated in this manner.
The question arises, how does Acupuncture work? Scientists have no real answer to this; as you know many of the workings of the body are still a mystery. There are a few prevailing theories.
By some unknown process, Acupuncture raises levels of triglycerides, specific hormones, prostaglandins, white blood counts, gamma globulins, opsonins, and overall anti-body levels. This is called the "Augmentation of Immunity" Theory.
The "Endorphin" Theory states that Acupuncture stimulates the secretions of endorphins in the body (specifically Enkaphalins).
The "Neurotransmitter" Theory states that certain neurotransmitter levels (such as Seratonin and Noradrenaline) are affected by Acupuncture.
"Circulatory" Theory: this states that Acupuncture has the effect of constricting or dilating blood vessels. This may be caused by the body's release of Vasodilaters (such as Histamine), in response to Acupuncture.
One of the most popular theories is the "Gate Control" Theory. According to this theory, the perception of pain is controlled by a part of the nervous system which regulates the impulse, which will later be interpreted as pain. This part of the nervous system is called the "Gate." If the gate is hit with too many impulses, it becomes overwhelmed, and it closes. This prevents some of the impulses from getting through. The first gates to close would be the ones that are the smallest. The nerve fibers that carry the impulses of pain are rather small nerve fibers called "C" fibers. These are the gates that close during Acupuncture.
In the related "Motor Gate" Theory, some forms of paralysis can be overcome by Acupuncture. This is done by reopening a "stuck" gate, which is connected to an Anterior Horn cell. The gate, when closed by a disease, stops motor impulses from reaching muscles. This theory was first stated by Professor Jayasuriya in 1977. In it he goes on to say:
"...one of the factors contributing to motor recovery is almost certainly the activation of spindle cells. They are stimulated by Gamma motor neurons. If Acupuncture stimulates the Gamma motor neurons, the discharge causes the contraction of Intrafusal Muscle fibers. This activates the Spindle cells, in the same way as muscle stretching. This will bring about muscle contraction."
There are many diseases that can be treated successfully by Acupuncture or its related treatments. The most common ailments currently being treated are: lower backache, Cervical Spondylosis, Condylitis, Arthritic Conditions, Headaches of all kinds (including migraine), Allergic Reactions, general and specific use for Analgesia (including surgery) and relief of muscles spasms. There have also been clinical trials in the use of Acupuncture in treating anxiety disorders and depression. Likewise, very high success rates have been found in treating addictions to alcohol, tobacco (nicotine) and "hard' drugs. Acupuncture can rid the body of the physical dependency, but can not rid the mind of the habit (psychological dependency). For this reason, Acupuncture treatment of addictions has not been fully successful.
Case Studies
Obviously, especially for a paper such as this, my research would not be complete without backing it up with some case studies. Here they are.
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has sponsored three studies examining the effectiveness of Acupuncture for the treatment of substance abuse.
The first was at the Lincoln Medical Medical Center in Bronx, NYC, New York. It was headed by Dr. Douglas Lipton, and completed in 1991. This study used Auricular Acupuncture on Crack Cocaine users. The study was split into groups, one getting the correct Acupuncture treatments, the other getting "placebo" Acupuncture (needles placed in the "wrong" spots). Urinalysis results showed that the subjects receiving the correct treatments had lowered their use of the drug, in as little as two weeks. This was verified by testing for cocaine metabolite levels. However, the reduction was not as significant as had been anticipated. *Note that no other type of treatment, such as counseling as given.
In two other studies currently going on, (the first by Dr. Janet Konefal of Miami School of Medicine; and the other by Dr. Milton Bullock at the Hennepin County Medical Center in Minneapolis), counseling combined with acupuncture is being tested. The preliminary results have been quite promising.
Additional studies, too numerous to mention here have proven the effectiveness of Acupuncture therapy in Nicotine addiction, (look in Bibliography for some case citings).
Between 1971 and and 1972 a series of doctors (Frank Z. Warren: New York University Medical Center; Pang L. Man and Calvin H. Chen: Northville State Hospital, Northville, Michigan), conducted seven surgeries at both Northville State Hospital and at Albert Einstein Medical Center. they used both standard Acupuncture and Electro-Acupunture techniques. They found that in all cases of surgery (six invasive and one dental) these Acupuncture treatments were successful in stopping the pain of surgery without additional anesthetics. In only one case (a repair of an inguinal hernia) did the patient complain of "discomfort;" and only in one additional case did a patient (the same one) complain of post-operative pain.
In conclusion, I feel that Acupuncture should be considered a valid form of treatment alongside, not only other "alternative" forms of treatment, but also along side mainstream medicine. More and more insurance companies are discovering the cost effectiveness of Acupuncture. Unfortunately, many insurance companies still do not cover Acupuncture therapy, with the exception of Drug Addiction treatments; and then only if other therapies have been unsuccessful, or as part of another program. Part of the reason for this is that as of the writing of this paper, the Food and drug Administration classifies Acupuncture needles as "investigational" devices. However, since this paper was written, the FDA has reclassified acupuncture needles and so, now, one great block to insurance coverage has been removed.
Acupuncture Doctors are licensed independently in most states while some states require you to be a Medical Doctor to practice Acupuncture.
Acupuncture schools are federally accredited by the ACAOM (Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine). This accreditation allows the school to offer federal guaranteed student loans.
Bibliography
Baxi, Dr. Nilesh and Dr.CH Asrani. Speaking of: Alternative Medicine: Acupuncture. New Dehli, India: Sterling Publishers Private Ltd, 1986.
Duke, Marc. Acupuncture. New York: Pyramid House Books, 1972.
Holden, Constance. "Acupuncture: Stuck on the Fringe." Science, May 6, 1994, pg 770.
Lever, Dr. Ruth. Acupuncture For Everyone. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, Ltd, 1987.
Lipner, Maxine. "Different Strokes." Women's Sports and Fitness, May/June, 1993, pg 31, 32, 85.
Moss, Dr. Louis. Acupuncture And You: A New Approach To Treatment Based On The Ancient Method of Healing. London, England: Elek Publishers, 1972.
Nightingale, Michael. The Healing Power of Acupuncture. New York: Sterling Publishing Co. Inc, 1986.
Ponce, Pedro E. "Eastern Medicine Collides with Western Regulations at Mass. Acupuncture School." The Chronicle of Higher Education, October 27, 1993, pg A32.
Saslow, Linda. "Scores of Students Take Up Acupuncture at Center in Syosset." New York Times, November 6, 1994.
Warren, Dr. Frank Z. Handbook of Medical Acupncture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1976.
Case Studies
Dr. Douglas Lipton:"Lincoln Clinic Study"; Dr. Janet Konefal:"Miami Study"; Dr. Milton Bullock: "Hennepin County Study." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Office of Human Services, AM, Volume 1, Number 3, January, 1994.
Brewington, Vincent, et al. "Acupuncture as a Detoxification Treatment: An Analysis of Controlled Research." Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 11, Number 4, 1994, pg 289-307.
Professor Jayasuriya: Paper for the 5th World Congress of Acupuncture;1977: Tokyo, Japan
Special Thanks To:
Dr. Thomas Barba, Barba Chiropractic Clinic; Columbus, Ohio. Nigel Dawes, Co-Director of the School for Oriental Medicine; Syosset, New York.
Dr. Gerard O'Grady; Lake Grove, New York.
......... for all your help and information.
After diagnosing a pattern of disharmony and administering acupuncture treatments, a doctor of TCM often writes an herbal formula from over a thousand common herbal formulas or from more effective traditional family formulas. Herbal medicine has a long history in the Orient. The first Chinese material, the Shen-Nung Herbal Classic, was begun during the Stone Age and completed in the later part of the 5th century B.C., from which some important formulas originated.
In this herbal classic, herbs are categorized into three groups. The first group is called “food herbs” which are eaten as part of one’s diet for general fortification, prevention and maintenance. The other two groups are called “medicinal herbs” which are dispensed to each patient as an individual formula based on one’s constitution, environment and medical condition.
Medicinal herbal therapy works in concert with acupuncture by providing the nourishing support for the energetic “re-programming” and “re-balancing” efforts of acupuncture.
Herb Formulas are developed to use each herb to its greatest advantage. By combining different herbs together, we will not only adjust and increase the treatment results, but also reduce or release the side-effects from the other herbs. It also makes it possible to treat complicated diseases at the same time. That's why few Traditional Chinese Medicine doctors prescribe only a single herb to treat patients.
Formulas are based upon treatment principle, and treatment principle is dependent upon the cause. Because of the different cause of diseases, the herbal formula varies.
A formula is made from typically 10-15 herbs together with appropriate dosage depending on the patient's condition and the treatment principle. There is a saying, "Prescribe medicine just like a commander in the army." Usually, a formula includes four parts: emperor, prime minister, minister and envoy. Emperor is the herb(s) which plays the most important role in the formula. This herb works directly with the etiology and pathology. Prime minister is the herb which helps to enhance the result of the emperor herb. Minister is the herb which treats the secondary symptoms and minimize emperor and prime minister's side effect. Envoy is the herb which can be used to adjust the formula's taste and moderate the properties of other herbs.
In a clinic setting, it is not always appropriate to use the same formula to treat one condition. The doctor usually changes the formula to follow with the change of the patient's condition, general health and age. First of all, the number of the herbs in the formula can be changed. If the patient's main complaint doesn't change, but the secondary complaint changes, the doctor will add some herbs to treat the new complaint, and take out the herbs that were used to treat the primary complaint, which is nonexistent now. In addition, the dosage of each herb in the formula can be changed to follow the changes of the disease. Increase or decrease in one herb's dosage may change the treatment principle.
In thousands of years of experience in Chinese medicine, generation by generation, there are hundreds of excellent classic formulas to be used to treat different diseases. They have proven to be very effective in treating all kinds of conditions. Often we prescribe a formula based on the classic formula, and add or deduct some herbs, adjusting the dosage depending on the patient's condition.
By Heather Schiffke
What is ear acupuncture?
Ear acupuncture, also known as auricular therapy, is based on the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Auricular therapy is widely used for many conditions, including addiction treatment, mood disorders, obesity, pain, and other conditions. This medical system emphasizes a holistic approach to medicine, an approach that treats the whole person. The acupuncture points found on the ear help to regulate the body's internal organs, structures, and functions.
Auricular therapy has a long history of use in China. It was mentioned in the most famous of ancient Chinese medical textbooks, “The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine.” In modern times, auricular therapy has been shown to stimulate the release of endorphins, the body's own feel-good chemicals.
How is ear acupuncture used in a treatment?
Ear acupuncture is generally incorporated into a regular acupuncture treatment. In addition to using acupuncture points on the rest of the body, your acupuncturist may select a few ear acupuncture points that they feel will be helpful for your particular condition.
What are ear seeds and ear tacks?
Ear acupuncture points may be stimulated for a longer period of time by using ear seeds or ear tacks. Ear seeds are small seeds from the Vaccaria plant. These seeds are held in place on the ear with a small piece of adhesive tape. Ear seeds may be left in the ear for a few days or up to two weeks. Ear tacks are very small needles with an adhesive backing. Ear tacks are inserted into the ear and left in the ear for a few days or up to one week.
By Bruce Eichelberger M.T.O.M., O.M.D. (China), L.Ac., Dipl.Ac. (NCCAOM)
Chi Kung (Qi Gong) means literally, "Energy Cultivation," and refers to exercises which improve health and longevity as well as increase the sense of harmony within oneself and in the world. There are thousands of such exercises. In fact, anything you do with the intention of benefiting your energy can be considered Chi Kung. All Chi Kung contains common principles - mind, eyes, movement and breath. Another way to express this is - the mind is the presence of intention, the eyes are the focus of intention, the movement is the action of intention, the breath is the flow of intention. These are the "secrets" of Chi Kung - and they are often taught at the beginning of training. Of course it takes years of exploring these ideas in practice to begin to truly grasp their significance.
By Marc Ryan
Chinese Medical theory, though scientific in its own right, is built on a foundation of ancient philosophical thought. Many of these ideas are based on observations of natural phenomena and are the reason why Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM ) has remained a truly holistic approach to health and well being.
The Theory of Yin and Yang is one such philosophy. It is said to date back nearly 6,000 years to the third or fourth millennium B.C. and is attributed to an enlightened philosopher named Fu Shi (also credited with creating the I-Ching or Book of Changes). The basic premise of yin and yang is the notion that the only constant factor in natural phenomena is universal change. In other words, nothing remains the same; no disease, no condition, no emotion, no treatment or diagnosis, absolutely everything is in a constant state of flux and, therefore, subject to the laws of change.
Yin and Yang are metaphorical images used to express these constantly transforming interactions. They have no fixed, precise definition. Rather, they describe two broad categories of complementary concepts which include the relationships of positive and negative, dynamic and inert, creative and destructive, gross and subtle, and kinetic and potential. This is quite similar to the notion of dialectics as expressed in Western philosophy. Within dialectics the whole is the sum of its parts and in turn part of the sum of a greater whole. As these various components interact, things become their opposites; i.e., variables become constants, causes become effects, and the process of creation leads to destruction. Furthermore, this idea is demonstrated in modern physics where sub-atomic interactions are the result of ever shifting polarities and constantly vacillating magnetic attractions and repulsions.
The entire universe may be viewed as the interplay and alternation of yin and yang. Originally the Chinese characters for yin represented the moon and yang represented the sun. Gradually these terms were broadened to include yin as night and yang as day, yin as winter and yang as summer, and yin as female and yang as male. In fact, there is nothing which cannot be viewed from the standpoint of yin and yang.
Yin is that which maintains and endures, it is nourishing and supports growth and development as well as being something contracting and moving inward. It also includes the following:
Earth
Autumn
Cold, coldness
Moisture
Yang is that which is creative and generating, it develops and expands; it is dynamic and full of movement. It also includes the following:
Heaven
Spring, summer
Heat, warmth
Dryness
It is important to remember that yin and yang are not static concepts and that they are constantly influencing and determining one another. There is always some measure of yin within yang and vice versa. To use the analogy of a hillside; during the day the sunlit side of the hill is yang within yang, while the shaded side is yin within yang. Conversely, at night the moonlit side of the hill is yang within yin while the dark side of the hill is yin within yin. In this fluid model it must be understood that neither yin nor yang can ever exist without the other. In fact, extreme yin will engender yang, an example of this can been seen in the popular expression "the darkest hour is right before the dawn". Naturally, the opposite is also true.
These types of relationships become significant when they impact the body's anatomy and physiology and it is precisely these designations that are used in the diagnosis of imbalances in TCM. For a TCM practitioner, the name of the disease is of secondary importance. The primary key to the proper diagnosis of syndromes is the identification of the condition in terms of yin or yang. In order to understand what this means let us examine these concepts in the context of human life.
Beginning at conception the sperm, which is yang, unites with the yin ovum and a new life is formed. As that life develops and progresses the energetic stages of youth are yang; whereas the later years are yin as life slows and becomes more deliberate. Each stage is also relative to the others and contains a measure of both yin and yang, just as the aforementioned hillside is an expression of yin within yang, etc. For example, the quick growth of early childhood is yang within yang and the transition from middle age to old age is yin within yang.
We can also see this philosophy expressed in everyday life. In respiration, the expansion of inhalation is yang while the emptiness which results from exhalation is yin. In digestion, the yin substance of food is transformed by the metabolic activity of yang. It is then converted into Qi (yang) and Blood (yin). Qi and Blood interact with one another using this paradigm. Qi moves Blood, yet Blood is thought to be the "mother" or source of Qi. Within the body yin is expressed as the material basis, the tissue and substance without which the transformation of yang would not be possible.
The physical body itself expresses this model. The lower part of the body which connects to the earth is yin while the upper body and extremities are yang and free to move. The front, which can easily be protected, is yin while the exposed back is yang. The internal organs, which are enclosed and protected, are yin relative to the surface of skin and muscle which are yang. In addition, the internal organs can be further differentiated into fu (yang), which are the "hollow" organs that are involved with digestion and elimination, and zang (yin) which are involved in assimilation and storage. Each zang has a corresponding fu organ which it is paired with and while these connections are not recognized in Western medical terms, they are often utilized in the treatment of disease in TCM.
Finally, disease and disease progression can be viewed using this paradigm. If the body's yang is weak it will be unable to ward off the invasion of a pathogen. If the yin is weak there will not be enough nourishment and support for the yang and the result will be the same. Expressed in other terms, without the substance, the active immune system is weakened and without activity the substance becomes vulnerable. Therefore, if yin is deficient over time then yang also becomes deficient and vice versa. Not only do yin and yang balance each other, they mutually generate one another. It is precisely this balance that the TCM practitioner uses various treatment strategies to restore. The idea is to reestablish the body's innate ability to maintain health and defend itself from disease.
The nature and progression of disease can also be understood using this pattern. When a disease develops rapidly, it is in the acute or yang stage. As it progresses and becomes more chronic, thus it enters the yin stage. Usually, acute diseases affect the surface or superficial aspects of the body while chronic diseases have already overwhelmed the body's defenses and gone deeper into the interior. In addition, regardless of location or duration, disease can be classified by its affects. Extreme, severe symptoms are considered excess and are consequently yang. In contrast, mild or diffuse symptoms accompanied by weakness are considered deficient and are therefore yin. With regard to diagnosis, that which is internal, cold, deficient or chronic is considered yin. That which is external, hot, excess or acute is considered yin. When conflicting signs are present it usually points to a more complex condition and the TCM practitioner must evaluate all the symptoms together to determine the appropriate treatment strategy.
In summary, it should be evident that the designations of yin and yang are universal and extend into every aspect of life. Because of its ubiquity, this theory is a very useful tool for understanding natural phenomena and therefore can be an indispensable diagnostic aid. While this is an ancient paradigm it is not primitive and though simple it can be developed into surprising complexity. The only limitation of the application of this universal truth is one's own perception and imagination.
References:
Tao, The Subtle Universal Law and the Integral Way of Life , by Hua-Ching Ni, 2nd edition, Seven Star Communications, Santa Monica, CA. 1979
Between Heaven and Earth, A Guide to Chinese Medicine , by Harriet Beinfield and Efram Korngold, Ballantine Books, New York 1985
Analysis of Chinese Characters by G.D. Wilder and J.H. Ingram, Dover Publications, Inc. New York 1974
The Web That Has No Weaver by Ted J. Kaptchuk, Congdon and Weed, Inc. Chicago Il. 1983
Conditiona A-Z
Acne
Addiction
AIDS
Allergies
Alzheimer's
Angina
Anxiety
Arthritis
Asthma
Back Pain (Self-Help)
Back Pain (Chinese Medicine)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Breast Cancer
Breast Lumps
Cancer
Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Cholesterol, High
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Constipation
Crohn's Disease
Depression
Dermatitis (Eczema)
Diabetes
Diarrhea
Diverticular Disease
Endometriosis
Eye Diseases
Female Sexual Dysfunction
Fibroids
Fibromyalgia
Flu (and Colds)
GERD
Glaucoma
Gout
Gum Disease
Hayfever
Headache
Heartburn
Hemorrhoids
Hypertension
Impotence
Indigestion
Infertility
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Insomnia
Kidney Stones
Lung Cancer
Male Infertility
Memory Loss
Meniere's Disease
Menopause
Menstrual Cramps
Multiple Sclerosis
Muscle Strain and Sprain
Osteoporosis
Parkinson's
Peptic Ulcer
Premenstrual Syndrome
Preventative Medicine
Psoriasis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
SARS
Shingles
Sinusitis
Stroke
Tinnitus
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Ulcerative Colitis
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary Tract Infection
Vitiligo
By Lawrence Miller
Of all conditions which the herbalist/traditional Chinese medical doctor may treat, cancer represents a major test of the herbal tools we have at our disposal. A common and largely accurate perception of the damaging effects of malignancy is that "if the cancer doesn’t kill you, the biomedical treatments for it will." This statement, while accurate in some regards, doesn’t take into account the growing effectiveness of chemotherapy against many forms of cancer. Determining the effectiveness of biomedicine must be considered within a long-term perspective, however; survival rates are commonly measured in 5- and 10-year intervals, while a "cure" is considered when a cancer survivor has been cancer-free for seven years after cessation of treatment. The issues surrounding human health and the sequelae of malignancy are not as simple as these statistics suggest, however. While some rapidly growing forms of cancer may develop within ten days to two weeks of cancer cell implantation (malignant melanoma, for example), other slower-growing tumors (consider prostate cancer) may take up to ten years to make themselves detectable. To use the term "cured" for a patient who remains cancer-free after seven years is both unrealistic and arbitrary, given the unpredictability of cancer.
Aside from whether or not a cancer survivor is presently ‘cancer-free’, also of consideration is the general state of health of the individual, which oncology tends to disregard. Of primary concern to the oncologist is whether malignancies have redeveloped, not whether conditions exist which may portend the derangement of cellular processes which could ultimately lead to loss of differentiation. This is one of the most appropriate and effective roles the TCM doctor/herbalist can fulfill—to help reestablish an underlying balance in the individual, and to unravel the complex patterns inherent in the body which can, if left untreated, lead to the development of cancer.
Another appropriate role for TCM doctors and advanced herbalists is in the use of herbs as an adjunct to ongoing biomedical treatment for existing cancer. This can be addressed using any or all of three main approaches: 1) to offset the damaging side-effects of radiation and chemotherapy; 2) to benefit the patient’s immune system, which biomedicine overwhelms and supplants with its powerful agents; and 3) to aid in tumor reduction itself, potentially shortening the length of time the patient needs to receive radiation and/or chemotherapy.
Listed below are ten herbs from the Chinese and western herbal traditions which address this third treatment approach--tumor reduction itself, via their 'antineoplastic' action. Consider that different forms of malignancy are treated with different substances, and each individual case may require entirely separate treatment principles, suggesting that anti-neoplastic herb choices must be chosen from appropriate categories of action. Obviously, there are more than 10 herbs with antineoplastic action in the Chinese and western pharmacopeia, but these can be considered a 'jumping off' point for further study; this is my personal intent. Information provided on these herbs is based on both empirical and clinical evidence gathered third-hand; verification of clinical and/or empirical findings is difficult to provide without access to the studies themselves, and no guarantees are made for these herbs’ effectiveness. References for all information is provided below.
Chinese Herbs:
Common Name: Oldenlandia
Chinese Name: Bai He She She Cao
Latin: Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae/Oldenlandia Diffusae
Family: Rubiaceae
TCM Category: Clear Heat/Relieve Toxicity
Antineoplastic Action(s):
--Used in treatment of stomach, esophageal and colon cancer;
--Activates reticuloendothelial system and increases phagocytosis by lymphocytes. Also, in high concentrations shows inhibitory affect in vitro on cells from acute lymphocytic and granulocytic leukemia.
Common Name: Selaginaella
Chinese Name: Shi Shang Bai
Latin: Herba Selaginellae Doederleinii
Family: Selaginellaceae
TCM Category: Clear Heat/Relieve Toxicity
Antineoplastic Action(s):
--Mice inoculated with granuloma-180 and injected with Shi Shang Bai showed 40-50% tumor inhibition of tumors; Mice with hepatic cancer lived significantly longer than control group not treated with Shi Shang Bai.
--Helpful in treatment of lung and throat cancer, and malignant hydatidiform moles, with remission in 50% of patients. Commonly used in China in treatment of smaller body cancers in nose, throat, lung and liver. When used with chemotherapy and radiation shown to accelerate cancer remissions.
Common Name: Sophora Root
Chinese Name: Shan Dou Gen
Latin: Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis
Family: Leguminaceae
TCM Category: Clear Heat/Relieve Toxicity
Antineoplastic Action(s):
--In doses of 60g/kg had significant effect in treatment of cervical cancer in mice, and an inhibitory affect on sarcoma-180. Used in treatment of acute lymphocytic/granulocytic leukemia, inhibiting dehydrogenase activity and cellular respiration of malignant cells.
Common Name: Zedoania
Chinese Name: E Zhu
Latin: Rhizoma Curcumae Ezhu
Family: Zingeberaceae
TCM Category: Invigorate Blood
Antineoplastic Action(s):
--Inhibits granuloma-180, often combined with San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi).
–-In China, 80 cases of cervical cancer patients were treated with a solution of Zedoania, which was injected directly into the tumor sites. 30 patients were completely cured, while 15 were found to have a 50% size reduction.
Common Name: Rhubarb Root and Rhizome
Chinese Name: Da Huang
Latin: Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Family: Polygonaceae
TCM Category: Clear Heat/Relieve Toxicity
Antineoplastic Action(s): --Injected subcutaneously had a killing effect on neoplastic granulomas in mice. Inhibited growth of melanoma, breast tumor cells and ascitic hepatic carcinoma in humans via the actions of emodin and rhein, major constituents of Da Huang.
Western Herbs:
Common Name: Red Clover
Latin: Flos Trifolium pratense
Family: Papilionaceae
Antineoplastic Action(s):
--Red Clover contains isoflavone compounds, such as genistein, which have weak estrogen properties. Various laboratory studies show that these isoflavones may help prevent and combat malignant tumors, especially of the breast and prostate.
Common Name: Pau D’Arco, Lapacho, Taheebo
Latin: Tabebuia impestiginosa
Family: Rubiaceae
Antineoplastic Action(s):
--Lapachol and beta-lapachone (known collectively as naphthaquinones) are two primary active compounds in Pau D’Arco. These compounds have anti-cancer/anti-tumor properties, although the effective dosage is considered toxic; Pau D’Arco is commonly used in the treatment of cancer in Central and South America with good results.
Common Name: Mistletoe
Latin: Viscum alba
Family: Loranthaceae
Antineoplastic Action(s):
--Contains anti-tumor proteins, and has been shown by current cancer research in Germany to have antineoplastic activity.
Common Name: Cleavers
Latin: Galium aparine
Family: Rubiaceae
Antineoplastic Action(s):
--Cleavers is considered the best lymphatic tonic in the western herbal pharmacopoeia, and is both alterative and diuretic. It has a long tradition of use for tumor reduction and lymphatic drainage, especially indicated when cancer has nodal involvement.
Common Name: Sweet Violet
Latin: Flos Viola odorata
Family: Violaceae
Antineoplastic Action(s):
--Sweet Violet has a long tradition and reputation as an anti-cancer herb, used especially as a poultice for cancers of the skin. Current scientific research has yet to bear out this reputation in the clinical setting
By Dr. John Chen, L.Ac., O.M.D., Ph.D., Pharm.D.
Diabetes, affecting up to one-third of the population of industrialized countries, is the most common endocrinologic disorder. Beyond the more immediately-perceptible metabolic dysfunction accompanying a typical hyperglycemia, long-term complications of diabetes mellitus involve disorders of the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. Due to the widespread prevalence of diabetes and the severity of its complications, extensive research and development efforts are underway to find more effective remedies to improve the quality of life of those affected by the disease. This article will focus on an integrative approach of the treatment of diabetes from the perspectives of both western and Oriental medicine.
DEFINITION
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrinologic disorder characterized by high blood levels of glucose due to insufficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas or improper utilization of insulin by target cells.
WESTERN MEDICINE
Diabetes is classified into two categories: Type I Diabetes, or Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM); and Type II Diabetes, or Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM).
Type I, IDDM, is also referred to as juvenile-onset diabetes, with onset in the early teen years in many patients. Affected individuals usually experience an abrupt onset of symptoms, including thirst, excessive urination, increased appetite, and paradoxic weight loss. Untreated, symptoms may progress to ketoacidosis and even coma. Patients secrete little or no insulin, and must rely on exogenous injections of insulin to control blood glucose levels. Type I, IDDM, does not respond to prescription drugs, such as sulfonylurea therapy.
Type II, NIDDM, is also referred to as adult-onset diabetes, with symptoms appearing around or after age 40, or into advanced ages, but occasionally affecting juveniles. Patients with NIDDM are usually obese, but may show few symptoms or no symptoms in the early stages. As the disease progresses, patients begin to notice increased thirst, increased consumption of water and food, excessive frequency and volume of urination, and other symptoms and signs related to complications. Patients with NIDDM have normal-to-elevated levels of insulin secretion, but blood glucose levels remain high due to insulin resistance. Type II, NIDDM, responds to both insulin and prescription drug treatments.
Long-term complications of Diabetes Mellitus affect various tissues and organs. Complications of damage to blood vessels include poor circulation, delayed wound healing, heart disease, impotence and gangrene; complications affecting the eyes include decreased vision and blindness; complications damaging the kidneys manifest in increased urinary volume and frequency, and kidney failure; complications in the nervous system include peripheral neuropathy, sudden or gradual weakness of a leg, chronic damage to nerves; and complications of the blood include increased susceptibility to infection, especially of the urinary tract or skin.
TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterized by Yin deficiency with dryness, heat and dampness. Yin deficiency is the underlying cause of the disease; dryness and heat represent the symptoms and signs; and dampness is reflected in increased blood glucose. Diabetes mellitus is most closely related to Wasting (Xiao Ke) syndrome, which can be categorized into Upper, Middle and Lower Wasting (Xiao Ke) syndrome, with the organs affected including the Lungs, Stomach and Kidneys, respectively.
Upper Wasting (Xiao Ke) Syndrome is characterized by Lung heat drying up body fluids. Symptoms are fidgeting, polydipsia, dry red tongue (with or without cracks), with a thin, yellow coat, and a forceful, rapid pulse (especially at the cun position). Middle Wasting (Xiao Ke) Syndrome is characterized by Stomach fire damaging fluids, with such symptoms as polyphagia, constant hunger with good appetite, red tongue with a yellow coat, and a slippery, forceful, rapid pulse. Lower Wasting (Xiao Ke) Syndrome is sub-divided into Kidney Yin deficiency or Kidney Yin and Yang deficiencies. Kidney Yin deficiency is characterized by symptoms such as polyuria (especially at night), red tongue with little or no coat, and a deep, thready, rapid pulse; Kidney Yin and Yang deficiency is characterized by polyuria (especially at night), teethmarks on both sides of the tongue, pale red tongue with a white coat, and a deep, thready, weak pulse.
Despite the similarities between Diabetes and Wasting (Xiao Ke) Syndrome, it is important to keep in mind that they are not identical. Both Diabetes and Wasting (Xiao Ke) syndrome may be characterized by the presence of the three P's: polyuria, polydypsia and polyphagia. Diabetes, however, is defined as an increase in blood glucose levels, with or without the presence of the three P's. In addition, Diabetes may have many complications not present in Wasting (Xiao-Ke) syndrome, such as visual disturbances, impotence, amenorrhea, and frequent infections. Conversely, the presence of the three P's constitutes diagnosis of Wasting (Xiao-Ke) Syndrome. Polyuria, polydypsia and polyphagia may be caused by factors other than diabetes, such as fever, dehydration, or kidney disease. Understanding the similarities and differences between the two is essential for an accurate diagnosis and for optimal treatment of the patient.
LABORATORY VALUES
The ideal blood glucose level is 70-100 mg/dL fasting, 70-100 mg/dL preprandial, <160 mg/dL postprandial (1 hour), and >65 mg/dL at 3 A.M.
An acceptable blood glucose level is 60-130 mg/dL fasting, 60-130 mg/dL preprandial, <200 mg/dL postprandial (1 hour), and >65 mg/dL at 3 A.M.
Levels above the acceptable range are considered high, and require treatment.
WESTERN MEDICINE
I. Oral Antidiabetic Drugs
Oral antidiabetic drugs are commonly used to treat Type II, NIDDM, patients. There are three types of oral antidiabetic drugs: sulfonylureas, biguanides, and glucosidase inhibitors, each with its unique functions and side effects.
a. Sulfonylureas are the most common oral antidiabetic drugs. These drugs lower blood glucose levels by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin. Patients with Type I, IDDM, do not respond to sulfonylureas because their pancreas is not capable of producing insulin regardless of drug stimulation. Despite their effectiveness, sulfonylureas have unwanted side-effects and toxicity, including nausea, vomiting, hematological and dermatological reactions, obstructive jaundice, hyponatremia, and intolerance of alcohol. Examples of sulfonylureas include tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glyburide (Micronase) and glipizide (Glucotrol). b. Biguanides lower blood glucose levels by increasing the uptake and utilization of glucose by muscle cells. They also reduce glucose production by the liver. Biguanides are only effective in patients with Type II, NIDDM, because their ability to function requires the presence of insulin. Common side effects of biguanides include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress and diarrhea. There are also risks of developing lactic acidosis and hepatic disease. Metformin (Glucophage) is the most common type of biguanide. c. Glucosidase inhibitors reduce the peak of blood glucose levels following a meal by delaying and inhibiting the absorption of carbohydrates. Glucosidase inhibitors work on both Type I, IDDM, and Type II, NIDDM, as the inhibitors' effectiveness is not dependent on the function of the pancreas. The major side effects are gastrointestinal, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and cramps. Acarbose (Precose) is the most common glucosidase inhibitor.
II. Insulin
Patients with Type I, IDDM, secrete little or no insulin and are dependent on external sources of insulin to regulate their blood sugar. Insulin is injected from once to several times daily to control the fluctuation of blood glucose levels. Though effective, insulin injection has numerous side effects, including hypoglycemic reactions, local lipodystrophy, visual disturbance, edema, allergy, and insulin resistance.
Note: In recent years the use of Chinese herbs has become a more and more popular option. To facilitate the understanding between drugs and herbs, we have dedicated a whole section entitled the Drug-Herb Index in our Clinical Manual of Oriental Medicine: Lotus Collection. Our goal in creating this section is to point out the similarities between the drug and the herbal treatments, so that a practitioner may suggest herbal alternatives to their patients who are unable to tolerate drugs or the side effects of drugs. This handy reference includes a combination of more than 300 most commonly used brand names and generic drug names. Knowing herbal alternatives to drugs gives the practitioner another treatment option so they can decide with their patients on the best therapy possible.
HERBAL TREATMENTS
Chinese herbs are very effective in treating patients with Type II, NIDDM. When prescribed correctly, Chinese herbs lower blood glucose levels, manage common signs and symptoms, and treat the complications of diabetes mellitus. Patients generally respond to herbal treatment within three-to-four weeks, with significant reduction in blood glucose levels and little fluctuation throughout the day. However, some patients may require up to six-to-eight weeks. For patients with Type I, IDDM, Chinese herbs are used in conjunction with insulin to manage symptoms and complications. Chinese herbs can also reduce the frequency and dosage of insulin injections. However, it is important to keep in mind that herbs cannot replace insulin, and patients with IDDM will still require insulin injections.
I. Equilibrium
Equilibrium is the formula of choice for treating diabetes mellitus. From the perspective of Western medicine, Equilibrium contains herbs with excellent hypoglycemic effects, lowering blood glucose levels and reducing synthesis of fatty tissues. In addition, Equilibrium contains herbs that lower blood cholesterol levels and improve blood circulation to the coronary arteries and peripheral parts of the body--thus managing common complications of diabetes, such as hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, peripheral neuropathy, etc.
In terms of Chinese therapeutic actions, Equilibrium nourishes Lung, Stomach and Kidney Yin, clears heat, and dries dampness. It can be used for patients with Upper, Middle or Lower Wasting (Xiao Ke) syndromes. It effectively manages the three cardinal symptoms of Wasting (Xiao Ke) syndrome: polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria.
Equilibrium treats both the cause and the complications of diabetes mellitus. American ginseng (xi yang shen) greatly replenishes the vital essence of the body and promotes the secretion of body fluids, to treat polydipsia. Gypsum (shi gao) and anemarrhena (zhi mu) are a pair commonly used to treat heat in the Middle Burner (Jiao). They sedate Stomach fire and suppress appetite to relieve polyphagia. Scrophularia (xuan shen) enters the Lungs, Stomach and Kidneys to simultaneously replenish vital essence and clear heat. According to Oriental Medicine, an elevated glucose level is equivalent to excess retention of dampness in the body. Therefore, astragalus (huang qi) and dioscorea (shan yao) are used to tonify Qi and strengthen the Spleen to enhance its functions to dispel dampness. With their aromatic properties, white atractylodes (bai zhu) and atractylodes (cang zhu) strengthen the Spleen and directly dry dampness. Salvia root (dan shen) and carthamus (hong hua) invigorate blood circulation and enhance the overall effectiveness of the herbs by improving micro-circulation. Activation of blood circulation also reduces the risk of atherosclerosis by preventing buildup of cholesterol on the inner walls of blood vessels. Lastly, lotus embryo (lian zi xin) and lotus stamen (lian xu) tonify the Kidney and control frequent urination.
II. Modification of Herbal Treatment Based on Wasting (Xiao-Ke) Syndrome
Equilibrium is the essential herbal formula used to lower blood glucose if the patient shows no other significant complications. If diabetic patients exhibit prominent signs and symptoms of Upper, Middle or Lower Wasting (Xiao Ke) syndromes, treatment must be modified by combining Equilibrium with the following formulas:
1. Upper Wasting (Xiao-Ke) Syndrome is characterized by Lung heat drying body fluids, resulting in symptoms such as fidgeting, polydipsia, a dry red tongue (with or without cracks) with a thin, yellow coat, and a forceful, rapid, pulse (especially at the cun position). Patients with Upper Wasting (Xiao-Ke) Syndrome should combine Equilibrium with Ginseng & Gypsum Combination (Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang). 2. Middle Wasting (Xiao-Ke) Syndrome is characterized by Stomach fire damaging the fluids, leading to such symptoms as polyphagia, constant hunger with good appetite, a red tongue with a yellow coat, and a slippery, forceful, rapid pulse. Patients with Middle Wasting (Xiao-Ke) Syndrome should combine Equilibrium with Rehmannia & Gypsum Combination (Yu Nu Jian). 3. Lower Wasting (Xiao Ke) Syndrome with Kidney Yin deficiency is characterized by such symptoms as polyuria (especially at night), a red tongue with little or no coat, and a deep, thready, rapid pulse. Patients with Lower Wasting (Xiao Ke) syndrome with Kidney Yin deficiency should combine Equilibrium with Rehmannia Six Formula (Liu Wei Di Huang Wan). 4. Lower Wasting (Xiao Ke) Syndrome with Kidney Yin and Yang deficiencies is characterized by polyuria (especially at night), teethmarks on both sides of the tongue, a pale red tongue with a white coat, and a deep, thready, weak pulse. Patients with Lower Wasting (Xiao Ke) Syndrome with Kidney Yin and Yang deficiencies should combine Equilibrium with Rehmannia Eight Formula (Ba Wei Di Huang Wan).
III. Modification of Herbal Treatment Based on Complications
If diabetic patients exhibit prominent signs and symptoms of complications, treatment must be modified by combining Equilibrium with the following formulas:
1. For patients with high cholesterol, combine with Cholisma. 2. For patients with hypertension, combine with Gentiana Complex or Gastrodia Complex. 3. For patients with chronic buildup of cholesterol leading to coronary artery disease, combine with Circulation. 4. For patients with blurred vision or vision impairment, combine with Nourish. 5. For patients with impotence due to diabetic complications, combine with Vitality For Men. 6. For patients with recurrent urinary tract infections, combine with Gentiana Complex.
CAUTIONS
Patients should not stop using drug treatments abruptly as there is a risk of hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis. Herbal and drug treatments should overlap for 1 to 2 weeks before patients are to begin tapering off drug treatments to ensure adequate control of blood glucose levels.
Concurrent use of drugs and herbal treatment may have synergistic effects on lowering the blood glucose levels. During the transition period when the patients take both drugs and herbs, their blood glucose levels should be monitored at least twice daily to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and to avoid hypoglycemia. Dosage must be adjusted as needed to keep blood glucose within the normal range. Herbal treatment may reduce the dosage and frequency of insulin injections needed; however, it can never replace insulin, especially in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients. Patients with IDDM should always be treated with insulin, or a combination of insulin and herbs.
LIFESTYLE INSTRUCTIONS
Lifestyle adjustments are absolutely critical for short-term management and long-term recovery of diabetes. Patients should be encouraged to engage in regular daily exercise, sleep by 10 p.m. to enhance restoration of Yin elements in the body, and eliminate sugar, carbohydrates and caffeine from the diet. Additional dietary advice may be useful based on the primary organ systems affected.
CLINICAL NOTES
For patients with Type II, NIDDM, Equilibrium in combination with diet and exercise provides excellent clinical results. Most patients will get satisfactory clinical results within three-to-four weeks of beginning herbal treatment. Maximum effectiveness may require up to six-to-eight weeks of herbal treatment. Clinical effects include a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and less fluctuation throughout the day.
Diabetes mellitus is defined simply as a rise in blood glucose levels. The clinical manifestations of the disease, however, are much more complicated than its definition. Patients with chronic diabetes mellitus are frequently plagued by various complications, such as visual disturbances, prolonged healing of wounds, frequent recurrences of infections, impotence, etc., which must be addressed within the overall treatment strategy.
CONCLUSION
Diagnosis and treatment of the most common and complex endocrinologic disorder continues to pose a challenge for health care practitioners. Diabetes mellitus commonly may go undiagnosed as patients with early stages of Type II, NIDDM are often asymptomatic. Also, as patients with chronic Type II, NIDDM often have a wide variety of complications, diabetes mellitus is frequently overlooked or mis-diagnosed. Once the correct diagnosis is made, diabetes and its complications can be effectively managed by both western drugs and herbal remedies. In conclusion, herbal medicine offers a safe and effective alternative for patients with diabetes mellitus.
CASE STUDIES
1. J.K., a 45-year-old female, was 5'3" and weighed 160 pounds. She had urinary tract infections once or twice each month within the last 12 months. Her other symptoms and signs included constant thirst, increased fluid intake, increased frequency and volume of urination. She was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus after testing positive for high levels of blood glucose. She was prescribed Equilibrium, 4 capsules TID before meals. Two weeks after the initial treatment, she reported significant improvement of her signs and symptoms. Two months after the initial treatment, her blood glucose levels were within the ideal range. She did not have any urinary tract infections during these two months. She continues to take Equilibrium, 4 capsules TID before meals.
Clinical Note: Urinary tract infection is a common complication of chronic diabetes. The frequency of infections, polydipsia and polyuria, in combination with her age and body weight, indicated possible diabetes. Prior to treating the urinary tract infection, her blood glucose levels must first be tested to rule out diabetes. In this case, persistent high levels of blood glucose levels confirmed the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. After treatment with Equilibrium for two months, both symptoms and complications of diabetes mellitus were under good control.
2. A.G., a 60-year-old male, was 6'1" and weighed 280 pounds. He was always hungry and ate two or three bowls of rice with every meal. He noticed that his cuts or scratches required a longer period of time to heal, sometimes up to one month. His diagnoses were diabetes mellitus and high cholesterol. He was given Equilibrium, 4 capsules TID for his diabetes, and Cholisma, 4 capsules TID for his cholesterol. After taking the herbs for three months, his blood glucose levels were within the ideal range and his cholesterol level dropped from 260 to 220. His weight also dropped from 280 to 255 pounds. He ate less and did not feel constantly hungry. He continues to take both Equilibrium and Cholisma.
Clinical Note: High cholesterol levels are a common complication of diabetes mellitus. If untreated, high cholesterol levels can lead to atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, angina, and myocardial infarction. Therefore, effective treatment must address both blood glucose levels and blood cholesterol levels. In combination with dietary changes, this patient showed excellent progress in reducing his blood glucose and cholesterol levels.
Copyright Copyright © 1998 by Lotus Herbs, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for brief review, without the prior written permission of Lotus Herbs, Inc. Lotus Herbs, the Lotus Herbs logo, the Lotus Collection, the Lotus Collection logo, the Clinical Article of Oriental Medicine, the Lotus Classics, the Lotus Classics logo, are trademarks of Lotus Herbs, Inc.
Professional Use Only: This article is intended as a reference for licensed health care practitioners, as professional training and expertise are essential to the safe and effective use of the herbs. Similarly, all herbal products are sold only to licensed health care practitioners. The advantages and disadvantages of each herbal formula are disclosed in full so both the doctors and the patients can make informed decisions.
Structure & Function Claims: The information is presented in this article in an accurate, truthful and non- misleading manner. Claims are supported by modern research and referenced accordingly through the entire Article. Nonetheless, the FDA requires the following statement: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
General Disclaimer: Great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of the information contained in this article. The information as presented in this Article is for educational purposes only. We cannot anticipate all conditions under which this information and our products, or the products of other manufacturers in combination with our products, may be used. In view of ongoing research, changes in government regulation, and the constant flow of information relating to Chinese and western medicine, the reader is urged to check with other sources for all up-to-date information. We accept no responsibility for the results obtained by the application of the information within this Article or the safety and suitability of our products, either alone or in combination with our products or with the products of other manufacturers. Neither Lotus Herbs, Inc. nor the authors of this Article can be held responsible for errors or for any consequences arising from the use of the information herein.
John K. Chen, Ph.D., Pharm.D., OMD, L.Ac. is a recognized authority on western pharmacology and Chinese herbal medicine. He graduated from the University of Southern California (USC) School of Pharmacy and South Baylo University of Oriental Medicine. He also received extensive postgraduate training in China specializing in herbology and internal medicine.
Dr. Chen currently teaches herbal medicine at USC, Chinese herbology at South Baylo University, and western pharmacology at Yo San University and Emperor's College. He is the Chair of the Herbal Medicine Committee for the American Association of Oriental Medicine (AAOM) and an herbal consultant for the California Association of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (CAAOM).
Dr. John Chen is the president and founder of Lotus Herbs, and is available for medical consultations through the Lotus Herbal Consultation Line. Tel: (626) 916-1070; Fax: (626) 917-7763;
Lotus Herbs: 1124 North Hacienda Blvd. La Puente, CA 91744.
Copyright 1998 All rights reserved. Written by Dr. John K. Chen, Ph.D., Pharm.D., OMD, L.Ac
By Brian Benjamin Carter
Ginseng is the best known and most popular Chinese herb. It is known as the "King" of Chinese herbs. With Ginseng, you get what you pay for. Some roots cost thousands of dollars. Most consumers will not be seeking out the highest quality Ginseng. The more affordable Codonopsis Root (Dang Shen) may be substituted in most situations.
All ginseng is not created equal.There are three major types of ginseng, compared in the table below.
American Ginseng (Xi Yang Shen) Panax Ginseng (Ren Shen)
Korean Ginseng (Gao Li Shen)
Least effect on qi of the three. Stronger effect on qi than Am. Ginseng. Strongest effect on qi of the three.
COLD Warm HOT (red in color)
Nourishes the yin (its best use) Generates fluids, stops thirst Very bad to use when yin deficient.
Good for fever/coughing up blood Calming action May cause headache/anger/etc.
The average consumer who walks down the herb aisle in the drug store may be unaware of the consequences of their choices. The popular conception that ginseng equals energy, much like coffee equals energy is not necessarily so.
If you are looking for energy, first of all, you need to be sure that you really need it. Many people would never feel that they have enough energy. Some people may actually be Yin Deficient with Heat signs. In this case, the appearance of energy (which may be scattered and manic) is really heat and, underneath, the person is deficient. This is analogous to spending money on a credit card when you're already in debt. You appear to be rich, but your finances are actually in very bad shape. You can spend what you do not have but you will pay the price. The price may be your sanity, or other health problems down the road. These peoplewould do better to nurture their yin, which is deficient, and spend less energy. Look at American Ginseng; it nourishes the yin and benefits the qi. The heat of yin deficiency sometimes manifests as excess energy in the head: headaches, and tempers flaring. Anyone with heat signs like this would actually be harmed by Panax or Korean Ginseng. It is liable to make your headaches and temper worse.
American Ginseng is considered an endangered species due to excess harvesting. If you plan on using it, the ethical thing would be to grow it yourself, or at least be knowledgeable of the source of your Ginseng.
If you really need energy, you might not even take Panax Ginseng (Ren Shen). Traditionally, it is used for the elderly, or in extreme health situations. The more common, and more affordable, choice is Codonopsis Root (Dang Shen).
The following table shows that moderate situations call for codonopsis root, while serious situations, or extreme age call for panax ginseng.
Codonopsis Root (Dang Shen) Panax Ginseng (Ren Shen)
neutral
warming
"supports the normal"
"fosters wisdom"
Used For:
Used for:
Spleen qi deficiency Lung Qi deficiency Abandoned Syndrome Collapse of Qi
Lack of appetite, fatigue, weak limbs, diarrhea, prolapse Cough, shortness of breath, reluctance to speak Heavy sweating, cold hands and feet, sagging jaw, closed eyes, incontinence Shock, loss of consciousness
When NOT to take Ginseng: If you have headaches, palpitations, insomnia, pregnant, hysteric, manic or schizophrenic do not take ginseng. If you have very high blood pressure (systolic >180mmHg), and/or are hypertensive, do not take panax ginseng.
Panax and Korean Ginseng Codonopsis Root American Ginseng
headaches, anger, palpitations, insomnia, pregnant, hysteric, manic or schizophrenic, very high blood pressure (systolic >180mmHg), hypertension, yin deficiency No contraindications Stomach problems (damp-cold of Stomach)
It is important to know what the things you are putting in your body are going to do for you, and to you. After all, if you just want to dig a hole in your garden, it is better to use a shovel than a stick of dynamite!
Brian Benjamin Carter is the Editor of The Pulse of Oriental Medicine, a writer for Being Well (a monthly e-newsletter), and an Intern at the Pacific College of Oriental Medicine. Brian lives in beautiful San Diego, California and is shamelessly addicted to double espressos.
Copyright 2001, The Pulse of Oriental Medicine
By Brian Benjamin Carter
Introduction
In clinical setting we frequently see patients who are taking antidepressants like Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Effexor, and Wellbutrin. Chinese herbs like Albizzia may be an alternative to psychiatric drugs. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a holistic medicine- it has never separated the mind and body, and so can comprehensively treat conditions with both physical and mental symptoms.
Causes of Depression
As with all disease, we need an accurate diagnosis before we can begin treatment. Depression has many causes. Not all of them will be helped by antidepressants. If your self-esteem is intact, your mood does not vary during the day, and you are not impaired socially, your depression may have a physical cause.
Some physical/biomedical causes of depression are: chronic pain, chronic fatigue, normal grief, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, folate deficiency anemia, viral disease, connective tissue/collagen disorders (arthritis), an organic brain disorder, drug side-effects, cancer, and endocrine abnormalities. Chinese Medicine can enhance the health of anyone with any of these conditions.
Psychiatric Drug Therapy
Controlling depression with pharmaceuticals usually requires weeks or months of experimentation with various drugs at different dosages. During this experimentation, the patient experiences physical and mental side-effects which can range from the annoying to the unbearable. Chinese herbal medicine, properly practiced, does not cause side-effects and so may ultimately be preferable to psychiatric medications.
However, there are many grave situations where psychiatric pharmaceuticals are essential, and not taking them can endanger the well-being, or even the life of the patient. More and more M.D.'s are now working to minimize the amount of pharmaceuticals taken by each patient, and some are even working with OMD's to utilize acupuncture and Chinese herbs to slowly take the patient off of drugs and cure the root problem.
How Chinese Medicine Diagnoses Depression
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), we always conduct a thorough evaluation of the patient. Symptoms and other diagnostic findings are like the pieces of a puzzle. The puzzle is a diagnosis that describes a patient's particular imbalances. Treatment arises naturally from this diagnosis. In TCM (unlike western biomedicine) there is a treatment for every diagnosis.
One simple way to understand depression is to use TCM's 5-Element system. The 5 Elements are Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water. Each element is associated with a particular strength, weaknesses, color, sound, etc. Three common 5-Element types in depression are Earth, Water, and Wood.
Earth-Type Depression
Water-Type Depression Wood-Type Depression
"Can't keep up" "Can't get it up" "All bunched up"
Digestive Problems, Weight Gain, Fatigue, Loose Stool Impotence, Morning Diarrhea, Knee and Low Back Problems, Frequent Urination Eye Problems (red, painful, dry, etc.), Wiry build, Pain in ribcage area, Headaches on top or sides of head
Worry, Overwhelm Fear Irritability, Frustration, Anger, Short Temper
Earth types can't keep up. They often experience digestive deficiency, become tired and overwhelmed easily, and are prone to worry and weight gain. They become depressed as a result of deficiency.
Water types have deficiencies in their 'root' energy. This is most associated with old age, or extreme chronic illness.
Wood types get depressed because ≥they are all bunched up. They are easy to anger. When anger is focused inward, it turns into depression. They are irritable, have short tempers, and tend to be skinnier than the Earth type. Wood types become depressed as a result of stagnation.
Of course, a TCM diagnosis must be much more specific than this before treatment can begin. Then the practitioner moves from diagnosis (What is the disease?) to treatment principles (What strategies should we use to balance the patient?). For example, they may want to increase the patient's energy, move stagnation, and calm the spirit. Herbs and herb formulas are chosen that fit the patient's symptoms, diagnosis, and the practitioner's treatment principles.
Albizzia - Chinese Herbal Prozac Alternative?
Cortex Albizzia Julbrissin (mimosa tree bark) is a TCM herb in the Nourish the Heart and Calm the Spirit category. It is traditionally used to calm the spirit and relieve emotional constraint when the associated symptoms of bad temper, depression, insomnia, irritability and poor memory are present. It also relieves pain and dissipates abscesses and swelling due to trauma (including fractures).
The flower of the mimosa tree is also used to relieve constrained Liver qi, and calm the spirit when the associated symptoms of insomnia, poor memory, irritability, epigastric pain, and feelings of pressure in the chest are present. Research has shown that the flower of the mimosa tree has a sedative effect.
German scientists assert that mimosa tree bark is part of the heavily-guarded Coca Cola recipe (a concoction that has been making people happy for decades!).
Understanding the meaning of åSpiritπ
In Chinese Medicine, åspiritπ is conscious awareness, the more emotional and elusive aspect of being. The body must be in a good state of health, and there must be sufficient nourishment and balance for the spirit to be at peace. When improper diet, extreme emotions, trauma, and external diseases injure the body, the spirit does not have a comfortable place to rest. To address this problem, we balance the underlying problem, but in the meantime we also calm the spirit. Thus, in TCM, we treat the cause of the depression AND we calm the spirit so that the patient feels happier and more at peace.
Conclusion
It is safe to say that there are people on anti-depressant medications that do not need them. More exacting diagnosis by all healthcare practitioners will lead to more appropriate treatments. Psychiatric medications often cause unwanted side-effects. Proper TCM treatment does not cause side-effects. Because TCM is a holistic medicine that integrates the body and mind in its diagnostic process and treatment strategies, it is a viable solution for the treatment of depression.
Brian Benjamin Carter is the Editor of The Pulse of Oriental Medicine, a writer for Being Well (a monthly e-newsletter), and an Intern at the Pacific College of Oriental Medicine. Brian lives in beautiful San Diego, California and is shamelessly addicted to double espressos.
Copyright 2001, The Pulse of Oriental Medicine
By Terry Chen, L.Ac.
Recently in a paper published in the Annals of Internal Medicine 2002;137:805-813, authors Fredi Kronenberg, Ph.D. and Adriane Fugh-Berman, M.D. made some sweeping conclusions about the effectiveness of CAM therapies on the treatment of menopausal symptoms. I would like to take issue primarily with their generalizations about the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in treating menopausal symptoms.
Based on a total of three very poorly designed clinical trials, two on single Chinese herbs and one on acupuncture, Dr.’s Kronenberg and Berman have downplayed the effectiveness of TCM by lumping it into a category of herbs and complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) therapies, that in their view, are not supported by clinical trials for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. The conclusions drawn by the authors were based on studies they found through a search of MEDLINE, the Alternative and Complementary Database of the British Library and their own “extensive files.” While the authors state that they did not limit their search to English-language literature, undoubtedly the wealth of studies that have been done in China and Japan could have been investigated before drawing any sweeping conclusions from such miniscule and faulty data.
The first of the two studies cited pertaining to the use of Chinese herbs on menopausal symptoms focused on the use of Dang Gui (Radix Angelica Sinensis) as a single herb for treatment of hot flashes. First of all, Dang Gui is rarely used as a single herb by qualified practitioners of TCM for the treatment of any condition, much less hot flashes. Why then cite a study on Dang Gui as a single herb for the treatment of hot flashes, and then use the results as a basis for conclusions about the effectiveness of Chinese herbs on menopausal symptoms? Although the authors mentioned in passing that it would be valuable to study TCM formulas in the context of TCM diagnostic methods, such lip service is hardly sufficient to counter balance the inadequacy and faulty use of the research cited. The authors then went on to point out the danger of using Dang Gui concurrently with warfarin therapy. The truth is drug-herb interactions with blood thinning agents are a real concern. Any qualified Chinese herbalist would be fully aware of this and exercise caution accordingly.
The second study cited focused on the use of Ginseng (Radix Ginseng), also as a single herb, for the treatment of general menopausal symptoms and quality of life measures. Although for certain conditions, ginseng would more likely be used as single herb than Dang Gui, it would not be prescribed singly to treat menopausal conditions. Truthfully, in order to make any valid statements on the efficacy of Chinese herbs on menopausal symptoms, it would not only be "interesting," but it would be imperative to study TCM herbal formulas in the context of TCM diagnostic methods.
The third and final study cited that related to TCM, focused on the use of acupuncture to treat hot flashes. 24 menopausal women were randomly assigned to either an electro-acupuncture group or to a control group where shallow needle insertion was administered on the same points. Essentially then, this study was looking at acupuncture versus electro-acupuncture on the treatment of hot flashes. According to Dr.’s Kronenberg and Fugh-Berman, the result was that both groups showed a significant decrease in hot flashes . Based on these results, imagine how effective acupuncture would prove to be when administered by qualified practitioners of TCM, using point selections individualized for each patient, and based within the context of TCM methodology. The authors then went on to state that acupuncture can cause occasional tissue trauma, and in rare instances, pnuemothorax and cardiac tamponade, and possibly transmission of hepatitis or other infectious disease. It is true that occasional tissue trauma is the most frequent complication of acupuncture, in other words: A bruise. As for instances of pnuemothorax and cardiac tamponade, they are so extremely rare that malpractice insurance for acupuncturists remains in the hundreds of dollars per year for $1,000,000 in coverage. As the authors themselves mention, the standard use of disposable needles in the U.S. eliminates any danger of the transmission of infectious disease.
The bottom line is that to date, not a lot of good research has been done on TCM in the United States, due primarily to a lack of funding. In spite of this, TCM has been refined and practiced for thousands of years to good effect, and to the benefit of millions of people over hundreds of generations. As TCM gains wider acceptance in the United States, patient testimony and consumer demand alone are ranking acupuncture and the use of Chinese herbs as effective and safe alternative treatments for many women’s health issues, including menopausal symptoms. While it is extremely difficult to devise randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials that can accurately reflect the effectiveness of TCM on menopausal symptoms, this research is forthcoming and will undoubtedly bear out the effectiveness of this time-tested tradition. In light of the early discontinuation of the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) study on hormone-replacement therapy in July of this year, it is crucial that the benefits of TCM on menopausal symptoms be recognized. The NIH study was halted early due to findings of slightly increased risk of heart disease, blood clots, stroke and breast cancer.
By all indications, medicine in the 21st century is moving toward an integrative model that will encompass the best of all traditions. As consumer awareness and discernment continues to increase, practitioners of medicine from all fields are being called upon to embody the pure motives and ethical standards that have been codified in both the Hippocratic oath, and The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Medicine. In other words, the health and safety of the public should always be more important than money, even multi-billion dollar pharmaceutical industries. Yes more research needs to be done in the field of TCM, but unfortunately it is not all that lucrative to prove the effectiveness of such natural and benign therapies. The research will be done however, as it is the nature of all true and good things to eventually be revealed for what they are. As practitioners of medicine, it’s time to clarify what our motives are. It’s time for us to put all misinformation and squabbling aside and stand together as the leaders we have promised the world we would be.
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Terry Chen, L.Ac. is a graduate of Yo San University who practices acupuncture in Los Angeles, CA. In addition to mental and emotional wellness, Mr. Chen specializes in TCM gynecology. (310) 577-3006.
By Robert Chu, L.Ac.
Throughout my many years in my sports and martial arts, I have come across many trauma (known in Chinese as dit da, literally "fall and strike") prescriptions for herbal liniments, powders, plasters, and decoctions. Many Chinese are familiar with herbal liniments that are used for bruises, sprains, strains, fractures, and other trauma, due to a blow or fall. These formulas can all be used by weekend athletes and others who have to visit their sports medicine doctor. Beware of claims, "My secret formula is the best!" In the past, I stared with amazement and almost revered the brown, smelly liniment as I rubbed it into my bruises and training aches and pains.
After studying Chinese medicine and learning the fundamental principles, etiology of disease, methods of diagnosis, herbology, massage, acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping, I learned that a Chinese medicine practitioner must tailor treatments to the individual, and no set method is used to cure everyone or every injury. Indeed, one liniment I used regularly for bruises did heal my bruises in a few days, but always made me break out in a rash that lasted for two weeks! It always seemed to me that the cure was almost as bad as the injury or worse!
I later analyzed the prescription's individual ingredients and, through diagnosis, found my personal constitution had a lot of heat. Although the traditional formula has some very toxic and warm herbs in it, based on my constitution, these herbs were not for me. The result of having a warm constitution, living in a warm climate (Los Angeles), plus using warm herbs was inflammation, a rash.
Tradition or not, this prescription was not for me. Instead, I substituted the prepared versions of the above herbs and the effect was more agreeable for my individual constitution. Most experienced herbalists take a base formula and customize it for the individual. Thus, there is not one true, secret, ultimate trauma prescription! So beware of such claims.
Generally speaking, commercial forms of Chinese herbal trauma formulas like Xiao Huo Luo Dan (small invigorate collaterals pill), Bai Hua Yu (white flower oil), Tian Qi Jiu (first aid antiseptic), Yunnan Bai Yao (yunnan white powder), and Zheng Gu Shui (correct the bone liniment), are safe and effective for most everyday injuries. Many Chinese would rather use these herbal formulas first for a minor injury. I would certainly advise readers to seek proper medical attention in case of serious injury.
Xiao Huo Luo Dan is taken as a pill, and generally used for backaches, muscle strains, and broken bones. This is available prepackaged with directions for use. Like all herbal medicines, it is best to use as directed on the package.
Bai Hua Yu is a fragrant analgesic oil, used for stiff muscles and strains as a result of "over doing it." I usually refer to it as "Chinese Ben Gay." Avoid getting the oil on your face, as it can irritate the eyes.
Tian Qi Jiu is an herbal liniment for bruises. Usually, the person using it rubs it on topically into bruises or contusions.
Yunnan Bai Yao is a powder that stops bleeding immediately and is used when you have minor cuts or scrapes, or if you cut yourself shaving. During the Vietnam War, soldiers were given a supply of this powder for firearm wounds. It was so precious that soldiers referred to it as a "gold they wouldn't trade." Dramatically, this powder can stop bleeding instantly and promote healing with little to no scarring.
Finally, Zheng Gu Shui is a fine liniment for minor bruises, strains, and minor fractures to the fingers or toes. It also helps stop the pain that may occur due to minor sports injuries. It is also best to avoid on the face as it can irritate the eyes.
All of these commercial patents are available at your local Chinatown drug store or Chinese herbalist. If your goal is hard training, or you have sustained a more severe injury, it is better to visit a Chinese herbalist to create a formula based on your individual constitution, climate, and type of training or injury. Just because herbal formulas are natural, does not mean they are not dangerous medicine when used incorrectly. Many immuno-comprised individuals and pregnant women should avoid herbal trauma prescriptions as the herbs may be somewhat toxic or have affects regarding blood flow and may lead to miscarriage.
A good reference book for the majority of Chinese trauma herbs and their uses is Chinese Patent Herbal Formulas by Jake Fratkin (Shya Publications, 1985).
Robert Chu is a Licensed Acupuncturist/Chinese herbalist available for consultation in the Los Angeles area. You can e-mail him at chusauli@aol.com for martial arts and sports medicine-based training herbal formulas for trauma and pain. He can alsso be reached at:
Robert Chu, L.Ac
A Rose is a Rosa Sericea Pteracantha is a Rose
By Michael Moore
Research regarding the active ingredients of herbs seems to be a key point for the acceptance of herbal remedies in the West. This research is very valuable. It lends credibility to herbal remedies, and the body of scientific knowledge naturally grows to include what herbal practitioners have known for centuries.
However, there is another camp of practitioners who would rather herbs remain classified and studied from the traditional perspective that classifies herbs by their functions and energetic properties, as is the case in Chinese medicine.
Chinese herbs are categorized according to their functions and properties within the Chinese model of the human body. The Qi of herbs have a certain temperature, their substantial aspect has one or more tastes associated with it. These properties benefit us medicinally when applied to the appropriate imbalance found through traditional Chinese diagnosis.
The active ingredient in Chinese herbs cannot always be accurately determined by scientific methods, practitioners of TCM understand that the active ingredient is not a chemical, but an energetic property.
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The following satire is a humorous description of one man's interpretation of what happens when Western science attempts to understand a Chinese herb.
In the 1950s, some researchers in India found that if you gave some rats Centella asiatica (Brahmi or Gotu Kola) it took them longer to drown when dropped into a big barrel of water whose sides they could not climb. (I would hope these researchers were Christian, Moslem or Atheists, otherwise they've been doing Karma-Time as brine shrimp in bioassays or, if Jaina, perhaps even worse)
The Chinese added Panax and (Naturally) they started testing LOTS of their patent medicines.
Then the Russians added Eleutherococcus, Rhodiola, some Aralias and (Naturally) they started testing everything on their athletes.
Then Korean researchers started to work with THEIR Panax and THEIR patent medicines.
So did researchers in Malaysia and Thailand, reporting work on THEIR patent medicines and traditional formulas.
The dust settles.
The Indians start working on THEIR Ayurvedic patents, meanwhile claiming that Pakistan is stealing their secrets.
The Chinese publish 1,473 monographs on THEIR products that stimulate Non-Specific Resistance. The West completely ignores the monographs because, as usual, the Chinese refuse to use Control Groups. The Chinese counter that "Control Groups" are a capitalist ploy; it costs as much to NOT test animals as to TEST animals and the Dogs of the West and their Kremlin Bootlickers (it is now late 1960's) are only seeking to waste the People's Money. Taiwan may YET be invaded, since they, too, have been doing their OWN counter-research with Control Groups.
The Russians now have ALL their athletes taking Russian Non-specific Resistance herbal preparations, are marketing OTC versions across the USSR...and besides, Prof.V.K.Taktishtashvilli discovered the whole thing in 1827, while working with potatoes.
(In the U.S. Joe Namath had won some sporting event and in Great Britain, the Home Secretary is STILL denying any involvement, despite the blurred photographs making the rounds of the London tabloids, with Her Jeweled Crista Battlebum III, a prized Yorkshire Terrier)
t's 1970. We now have a body of research, purely observational, and using newly-developed bio-assay techniques, showing a number of plant medicines and traditional formulas and patents (including some Deer's Horn and plankton studies) that increase non-specific resistance and generally increase the capacity for stress in a variety of mammals... including us. All work to this point has been done with WHOLE plants and WHOLE formulas; their traditional uses were the basis for their testing, and the various countries (and the patent owners) are now marketing these products with new knowledge and a (perhaps) better understanding of their value in human use. Along the line, someone decided the effect needed a "pharmaceutical" term and invented the word "adaptogen" and "Non-specific-resistance-stimulant" was generally dropped. NSRS was a poor acronym, anyway, except in Malaysia, where it also meant "Female Wild Boar in Heat" in one widely-spoken language and was retained.
Enter (bumpda-bumpda-bump) the Medical-Pharmaceutical folks.
The Germans isolate 72 Panaxosides and Panaxolides, with three separate camps claiming "Their" group can prove which individual ones are Responsible for the Adaptogenisis. All three groups have completely different lists of "active" compounds.
The Japanese answer by isolating 473 (!) of these, but call them Ginsenosides, and can separate their effects into their effects on liver, pituitary, glucocorticalsteroid, reproductive, etc.
The Koreans ALSO find 473, but apply different numbers to them, and claim they can prove only THEIR Panax is the best.
The Japanese (the numbers AND names for the ginsenosides have already undergone three revisions, although one major pharmaceutical manufacturer has created a new constituent category completely, based on presence of ferulic acid skeletal remnants, but won't publish the specifics, since they are now patented) claim THEIR sub-species to be the best, as well as the phylogenetic precurser to the Korean variety.
The Germans have begun work on semi-synthetic (and patentable) analogs to certain ferulic-acid skeletal-remnant panaxosides, in a mutual agreement with an unnamed Japanese pharmaceutical manufacturer.
(Great Britain has found that Raspberries work splendidly. The FDA is pursuing Laetrile clinics.)
An adaptogen is now classed as a compound, usually plant-derived, that increases resistance to environmental stress in laboratory animals and humans. In some research circles the term has been changed to a newer one: Non-Specific Resistance Stimulants, or NSRS.
The Soviets win 1,212 medals (out of a possible 1,002) in the 1972 Olympics. The IOC promises an investigation.
A body of observations meant to explain the mechanisms whereby a number of traditional herbal medicines seem to enhance resistance to stress has now been reduced to gnarly, secretive, heavy-metal pharmaceutical in-fighting, in the attempt to market patentable pharmaceutical chemicals that will produce the effects of the original plants.
(There exist a few artful exaggerations in the above story)
Moral of the story: The adaptogenic aspect IS THE HERB.
If you enjoyed this article, you'll love all of the other teaching and clinical manuals, over 1,000 medicinal plant images and class announcements for the Southwest-School-of-Botanical-Medicine available at Michael Moore's Website: http://www.swsbm.com/HOMEPAGE/HomePage.html.
The Fascination of Kombucha
By Guenther W. Frank
Nowadays we experience a return to healing measures that are close to nature; also remedies and foods of unnatural origin - away from industrial packaged products. This may be one of the reasons for the great attractiveness and fascination of the healthful beverage called Kombucha. Communalities of yeasts and bacteria have been used by people, and applied for their well-being, since ancient times in all the world for the creation of health-promoting fermented drinks and foodstuffs.
We read already in the Bible (Ruth 2:14) that the land-owner Boas invited the Moabite Ruth, who later became his wife, during her gleaning of grains: Come over here and eat some bread and dip your morsel into the vinegar-drink! And she sat down beside the reapers; and he reached her parched corn and she ate and was sufficed and left." This biblical report from around 1000 B.C. not only gives us a hint of their exemplary nutritional habits, although they were modest by our perspective, we see from it also that, even at that time, people prepared beverages with microorganisms of lactic acid and how they served the people for strength and refreshment during the hard work of harvesting.
An ancient, pure relative of these related symbioses of bacteria and yeasts is the tea-fungus called Kombucha. It comes from the area of East Asia and came to Germany via Russia, around the turn of the century. This ancient house-remedy Is used more and more also In other countries against all possible defects. The mushroom consists of a gelatinoid and tough mushroom-web membrane In the form of a flat disk. It lives in a nutrient solution of tea and sugar, in which it constantly multiplies through germinating. The fungal disc at first spreads over the entire surface of the tea and then thickens. When one treats the mushroom correctly, it thrives, germinates, and will accompany its owner for life.
During the fermentation and oxidation processes, the mushroom effects diverse complicated reactions In the tea-setting, either one after the other or side by side (these are assimilation-and dissimulation- processes). The tea-mushroom feeds on the sugar And, in exchange, produces other valuable substances which change into the drink: glucuron-acid, lactic acid, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotic substances, and other products. The tea-mushroom is, therefore, a real, tiny biochemical factory.
KOMBUCHA - REMEDY FOR EVERYTHING?
There is a treasure of extensive experience regarding the Kombucha mushroom. Besides its use as a refreshing drink, one can read in nearly all reports also of its usage as a remedy. In the reports of oldest and modern times, a large number of diseases are quoted, for which Kombucha- tea is used and praised. The palette reaches from the most harmless indisposition up to the most serious diseases.
Numerous doctors and scientists have concerned themselves with the effects of the Kombucha-beverage as a home remedy. Many scientific works are at hand concerning Kombucha. They speak of its therapeutic effectiveness abased on glucon-acid, glucuron-acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, as well as the life-supporting vitamins C and the B-group. As has been proven especially by Russian researchers, many of its components have antibiotic and detoxifying characteristics, and they playa decisive role for the biochemical processes in the body.
In contrast to the many pharmaca with unpleasant side effects, the active substances of the Kombucha address themselves to the whole body system; through its friendly metabolistic properties, it can reestablish a normal condition in the cellular membranes without any side-effects and thus promote one swell-being. Let us use these natural powers for maintaining our vitality, activity, as well as our mental and physical capacities!
AN EXTENSIVE WORLD-LITERATURE
Already Bacinskaja (1914) noted that the drink is effective for the stomach-intestinal activity. The authoress recommended that one drink a small glass of it before every meal and to increase the portions gradually.
Professor S. Bazarewski brought forth a report in the "Correspondence for the Association of Nature Researchers in Riga, 1915, that among the Latvian population of the Baltic Russian Provinces of Livland and Kurland, they had a folk-remedy by name of "Brinum-Ssene" Verbally translated, it means "Wonder-mushroom". The Latvian population ascribed to this mushroom "a wonderful healing power for many diseases", according to Bazarewski. Some people asked by Bazarewski insisted that it helps fore head aches, but others assured him that "this mushroom is useful for all diseases.
GOOD FOR CONSTIPATION
Prof. B. Lindner(1917-1918) reported that the remedy is mostly used as regulator of the intestinal activities. Also Hemorrhoids were cured.
Privy Councilor Prof. Dr. Rudolf Kobert(1917-18) recollects that an "unfailing remedy against joint rheumatism" was made with this mushroom.
Also Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Henneberg(1926) reports that a drink made with tea- mushroom was prepared, called "Teakwass" in Russia, being used in all those areas as a "remedy against all sorts of diseases, especially against constipation. "
According to Dr. Madaus in the "Biologic Healing Arts" (1927), the mushroom, and its metabolic products, has excellent influence on the regeneration of the cellular walls and is, therefore, an excellent remedy for arteriosclerosis.
GENERAL IMPROVEMENT OF ONE'S OVERALL CONDITION
H. Waldeck (1927) tells of a chemist he met during W.W.I in Russia-Poland, 1915, with whom he had his quarters, and who cooked for him a "Wonderdrink" against his severe constipation. The chemist entrusted to Waldeck that he always keeps this "Russian secret home remedy" at hand, it being "said that it is good for all kinds of ailments" and "because of its naturally formed acid, it successfully counters aging problems, thus, contributing to life extension."
Prof. Br. Lakowitz (1928) confirms Waldeck's statement that digestive disturbances are quickly removed by the mushroom-tea. Strong headaches and nervous disturbances also are removed experientially. Lakowitz comes to the conclusion: "An extensive spreading of the mushroom-tea for the production of such Tee-Kwasses, as a remedy against digestive disturbances is desirable for all types of people."
In the "White Flag" (1928) is reported: 'The refreshing taste of this tea-beverage is generally pleasing, and its effect is ... a very good one. The taste of the fermented tea is very pleasant, being reminiscent of light, sparkling wine or sweet Most (pear juice).The effect of the tea usually shows up very fast. Most of all, it works blood-cleansing and detoxifying and is said ... to give excellent services for facial skin rashes. Further, according to doctor's orders and evaluations, it is very effective for constant headaches, pain in the limbs, gout, rheumatism, and other aging problems. The general effect of the mushroom-tea shows already in a few weeks through an improved general condition and in one's raised performance capacity, which may be connected with the mushroom's high vitamin and hormone effect, which are also emphasized by doctors.
Further, the mushroom stimulates the metabolism ... excellently and, thereby, helps in clearing out the body, i.e. the elimination of all types of disease toxins.
FAVORABLE EFFECT IN ARTERIOCLEROSIS
Dr. Maxim Bing (1928) recommends the Kombucha mushroom as a "very effective remedy for Arteriosclerosis, gout, and intestinal deficiency." "A favorable effect in the sense of lowering blood pressure, cessation of anxiety, of irritability and pains, headaches, dizziness, etc. in arteriosclerosis" occurs from the use of fresh, good cultures. "Intestinal sluggishness and its accompanying effects also can be quickly removed. It gives especially favorable results in calcification of the kidneys and the capillaries of the brain."
Dr. Siegwart Hermann (1929) describes experiments with cats who had been poisoned with Vigantol (an anti-rickets Vitamin B-preparation). He noted a positive influence in their cholesterol level when the animals received Kombucha extracts. This is interesting because in cases of human arteriosclerosis there is also a raised cholesterol level. Hermann's resume based on these experiments is: "The observations by doctors at the sickbed, as also the animal experiments, showed that folk-wisdom quoted effects have been observed in general."
THE GLURURONIC ACID
In my opinion, there are factors speaking for the good effects of the mushroom for gout, rheum, arthritis, etc. as being explainable by the accumulated toxins of the body being made water-soluble and kidney- manageable through their conjugation with the Glucuronic acid in the beverage, and thus being eliminated through the urine. This conjugation is a form of bio-transformation; by it, both endogenic and body-foreign substances become bound with Glucuronic acid into Glucuronoids, also named "paired Glucuronic acid."
In 1961, Dr. med. Valentin Koehler stimulated a discussion on the therapeutic usage of Glucuronic acid through his article titled, "Glucuronic Acid Gives Courage to Cancer-Patients in the periodical "Medical Practice". Glucuronic acid is one of the products that are produced during the fermentation process in the Kombucha-tea. Dr. Koehler reported at that time about encouraging results in treating cancer patients with Glucuronic acid. The maximally long effect of Glucuronic acid is able to bring about an increase in the body's own defenses and, possibly, also of the Interferon-production.
The detoxifying function of Glucuronic acid goes hand-in-hand with an improvement in the general condition and in the oxidative metabolism.
Dr. Koehler also noted surprising successes in the treatment of sick trees. Various Institutions were doing scientific tests for resolving the problem of dying trees. By combining nutritious substances, trace- elements, and heavy metals ions a building process was activated or accelerated. The capacity of the Glucuronic acid to enter into combination with both foreign and endogenic toxic substances, effects protection for the plant cell. Over 200 substances can be made harmless by this way, including those which are contained in acidic and radioactive rain, as well as sulfur dioxide, nitrites, ozone.
According to Dr. Koehler's research, the protective activity connected with Glucuronic acid preserves also the genetics of the plant from growth disturbances or promotes their restoration in the further course of its growth. The insights arising from Dr. Koehler's examinations can be transferred onto all human cells. When the processes of growth and decomposition in the human metabolism are maintained on an optimal level through adding small dosages of Glucuronic acid, as contained in the Kombucha beverage, it presents a combination of scientific data and a product of nature which is currently still much preferred by the laity. Here is a possible aid for a humanity that is more and more threatened through toxic environmental substances. By Glucronic acid, the "disturbance products in the human body are disintegrated into end- products, eliminated and, thereby, made harmless. This detoxifying function of Glucuronic acid benefits the variety of cellular functions.
This shows up as increased endogenic capacity towards the toxic and environmental stresses batting us from many sides, as a revival. of damaged bodycells, and a restoration and firming upon our well-being. When many peoples say that they use Kombucha not to necessarily heal a particular disease, but they drink it as a beverage for supporting their well-being, we have in this a contact point where scientific insights and folk-wisdom can go hand in hand.
THE NORMALIZATION OF INTESTINAL FUNCTIONS
Dr. L. Mollenda (1928) reports that the Kombucha beverage is especially effective for disturbances of the digestive organs, by practically normalizing their functions. Moreover, the drink has proven itself as helpful for gout, rheumatism, and diverse stages of arteriosclerosis. About additional areas of application he writes: "In the case of angina, especially when there is a coating of the tonsils, the drink should not merely be used for gargling but for drinking, and that, for the destruction of bacteria which reach the stomach through food and drink. Such gargling in angina brings fast recovery, and in pains of gout and arteriosclerosis, surprising successes are reached even in serious cases. ... Even though the beverage is acidic, it does not cause any acidic condition in the stomach; it facilitates and noticeably promotes the digestion even of difficult to digest foods. Equially favorable successes after taking Kombucha beverage have also been reached for gouty eczema and for stones in kidneys, urine, and gall."
Dr. E. Arauner (1929) reports of diverse medical reports and evaluations and reaches the following conclusion:" In summary, one can say that the Kombucha mushroom or its extract, has proven itself as excellently prophylactic against diabetes, but especially against aging problems, such as arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure with its consequences such as dizziness, gout, hemorrhoids; for the very least it is a pleasant laxative." Dr. Arauner reports that in his home-country the tea- mushroom has been in usage for centuries by Asian people because of its surprising healing successes, being a most effective, natural home-remedy for tiredness, fatigue, nervousness, beginning aging problems, arteriosclerosis, intestinal lassitude, gout and rheumatism, hemorrhoids, and diabetes.
Arauner adds to this, that not only professors, doctors and biologists have confirmed the surprising healing successes but also those who have imbibed the mushroom-tea report about "entirely excellent effects on the general body functions.'
RECOMMENDED FOR MENTAL STRESS
Hans Irion, who was then the Director of the State-recognized Academy for Chemists in Braunschweig says in his "Course for Druggist Specialty Schools"(1944, Vol. 2, pg. 405): "By the intake of the drink described as Teakwass, there happens a remarkable invigoration of the body's entire glandular system and a promotion of the metabolisms. Teakwass is recommended as an excellent prophylactic for gout and rheumatism, furunkulosis, arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure, nervousness, intestinal lassitude, and aging problems. It is also very highly recommended for sports-people and those who do strenuous mental work. Through the promotion of the metabolism, undue fat deposits in the body are avoided or removed. With the drink, also microorganisms reach the body which transform damaging deposits, such as uric acid, cholesterol, etc. into easily soluble forms, thus removing them. Foul intestinal bacteria are suppressed."
"DETOXIFYING IN EVERY REGARD...."
The first description having mushroom-tea as it's theme in bookform appeared in 1954. This booklet of 54 pages is written in the Russian language and carries the title "The Tea-Mushroom and Its Therapeutic Properties". The author, G.F.Barbancik refers in his introduction to the first application of the mushroom-tea decoction (in 1949) as a healing remedy at the therapeutic clinic of the Omsker Hospital for water laborers. He reports of successful therapy for tonsillitis, diverse internal diseases, especially those of inflammatory nature, stomach catarrh due to deficient acid production, intestinal inflammations, dysentery, arteriosclerosis, high blood-pressure, scleroses, etc.
The med. doctor, Dr. Rudolf Sklenar of Lich, Oberhessen, reported in 1964 in the periodical "Experiential Healing Science" about his methods of diagnosis and therapy successes: "An outstanding natural remedy is the mushroom beverage named Combucha, which acts detoxifying in every regard and which dissolves microorganisms as well as cholesterol." Dr. Sklenar had developed a biologic cancer therapy in which Combucha, as well as other biologic remedies such as Coli-preparations, held an important place for the sanitization of the intestinal flora.
In a small publication of 8 pages, titled "Cancer Diagnosis Based on Blood and the Treatment of Cancer, Pre-cancerous Conditions, and other Metabolic Diseases with Kombucha and Coli-Preparations", Dr. Sklenar reports that vitamins, lactic acids and glucuronic acid are (viruses, bacteria, fungi)and to the dissolution of waste matter and toxic deposits (uric acid, cholesterol, etc.)". Kombucha effects "an outstanding detoxification of the organism". Through enjoying this beverage there is, additionally, a "noticeable invigoration of the entire glandular system and enhancement of the metabolism."
Dr. Sklenar reports that he was able to treat successfully with the mushroom-tea: gout, rheum, arteriosclerosis, arthritis, dysbacteria, constipation, impotence, nonspecific draining, obesity, furunculosis, kidney stones, cholesterol, cancer and especially its early stages, etc.
CANCER KILLER?
Dr. Veronika Carstens (1987), wife of the former German President, recommends Kombucha in a series titled, "Help from Nature-My Remedies Against Cancer", with the words: "Kombucha detoxifies the organism and enhances the metabolism; this improves the defense capacity."
The Natural Healing specialist A.J.Lodewijkx of Ermelo, Netherlands, writes about Kombucha in his very recommendable book "Life Without Cancer" (obtainable in the Dutch and German languages): "The Kombucha mushroom has strongly antiseptic properties. The tea purifies the glandular system and promotes elimination; uric acid is neutralized and eliminated through Kombucha tea. Therefore, this tea is an excellent remedy against gout, rheum, arthritis, kidney stones, intestinal dysbacteria, but especially cancer and its early stages because the Kombucha mushroom exerts a mighty influence on the disease-causing endobionts. As we have seen, it is these endobionts which eliminate the red corpuscles when the pH changes unfavorably. In all metabolic diseases and cancer, Kombucha is a unique beverage for the detoxification of the body. Kombucha removes the metabolic dross and normalizes thereby the blood pH."
Gottfried Mueller, founder of the world-wide "Salem Children's and Youth Villages" praises the Kombucha tea-mushroom this way: "A gift from heaven, especially for health emergencies" (in "Salem-Help" 15, Nr. 3, August 1987, page 2).
JUDGING FOR ONSELF
In both the literary reports and also in the many personal experiences reported during my focusing on Kombucha, the broad palette of complaints relieved by it is conspicuous. This Is explainable on the basis that Kombucha does not target a specific body organ but, rather, it influences the entire organism positively by effecting a stabilization of the metabolic situation and through its detoxifying effect of its glucuronic acid. This leads in many people to a heightened endogenic defense capacity against those toxic influences and environmental stresses which inundate us from many sides, resulting in the Invigoration of a damaged cellular metabolism, and the restoration and firming tip of one's well-being.
Some of the health-promoting properties ascribed to Kombucha-tea require further research. However, other active mechanisms are entirely proven both by scientific testings and experientially, such as: regulation of the intestinal flora, cellular strengthening, detoxification and dross elimination, metabolic harmonization, antibiotic effect, facilitating pH- balance.
MAKE IT YOURSELF! NO PROBLEM IF YOU KNOW HOW!
The Kombucha beverage can be made in one's home for just pennies. Because the mushroom constantly grows, one can begin with a piece of a mushroom- tea membrane and allow a health-promoting source of drink to bubble tip. The preparation is no problem if one knows how. From ancient days, one prepares the Kombucha beverage right at home and passes the tea-mushroom from family to family as a sign of friendship and mutual helpfulness. Tea- mushroom has high vitality and a great capacity for regeneration. If it did not have this high biologic energy, it would not have survived the long timespan from its reported discovery in the Chinese Empire more than 2000 years ago until now.
Nowadays, there are occasional warnings - mostly coming from ignorance or economic interests - not to make the Kombucha beverage by oneself. Such a warning is justified in so far as the know-how about the precise method, wherewith, and why, etc. had often been lost and people wrongly experimented instead of abiding with proven recipes.
However, when one works clean and abides by proven directions, then there is no hesitation in making the Kombucha drink, as in many generations past. Whoever has the necessary knowledge can deal successfully with the tea-mushroom - just as one deals with other "open" foodstuffs in one's household. When abiding by proven instructions, one can produce an impeccable, tasty, wholesome and effective Kombucha beverage. The mushroom will increase and accompany its owner lifelong and serve him or her well.
THE KOMBUCHA MUSHROOM PROTECTS ITSELF
Whoever treats his mushroom culture according to proven rules with thought and carefulness, need not expect disturbances. In the Russian reports it is even mentioned that no special precautionary measures are needed because the mushroom protects itself against impurities. It has a number of protective features: the organic acids, the low alcoholic content, carbonic acid, the antibiotic products all these jointly block the development of all foreign microorganisms not belonging to the tea- mushroom organism.
The Russian researcher I.N. Konovalow mentions in his report of 1959, that the intensive growth of the tea-mushroom leven and bacteria distinctly suppresses the spreading of other yeast and bacterial varieties.
Also the Russian Professor G.F. Barbancik(1958) reports In his book about the tea-mushroom based on laboratory tests which showed that the tea- mushroom bacteria drive out all other microbes energetically (antagonism).
In contrast to other reports. this mushroom is easy to multiply and part. Because It grows cheerfully and is parted willingly, all friends and acquaintances can soon benefit. It is a good custom to pass on the Kombucha mushroom to other people as a sign of friendship and mutual helpfulness.
Source: Guenther W. Frank, "Kombucha, Healthy beverage and Natural Remedy from Far East" Publishing House W. Ennsthaler, Steyr, Austria, 9th revised edition 1995
How to make Kombucha - at a glance
INGREDIENTS
- The Kombucha culture (the ferment)
- Approximately 70 - 100 g (2 1/2 - 3 oz ) of refined white ...sugar per litre (about one quart) of water
- 2 teaspoons black or green tea per litre (about one quart) of water
UTENSILS AND MATERIALS
- One 2 - 4 litres (2 - 4 quarts) pot to boil water
- One 2 - 4 litres (2 - 4 quarts) glass or porcelain jar
- A linen/cotton handkerchief or a paper tissue
- Bottles
PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION of Kombucha
It's best if you begin first with two litres (2 quarts). When your Kombucha culture has grown big enough and has reproduced itself, you can produce larger quantities of the beverage.
1.- Make tea in the ordinary way. Per litre (quart ) of water, infuse 2 teaspoonfuls (about 5 g = 0.2 oz) of black or green tea in freshly boiled water. You may also use tea bags. Let the tea leaves "soak" for 15 minutes. Green tea comes from the same plant as black tea and is distinguished from it principally by the way it is processed: it is not fermented. Japanese doctors found out that green tea prevents cancer growth. I would suggest to use green tea for the Kombucha beverage. If you don't want to use black or green tea you can also use herbal teas.
2 - Strain off the tea leaves through a sieve, or remove the tea bags from the water, as the case may be.
3 - Add about 70 - 100 g (2+ - 3 oz) of white sugar per litre (quart) of water into the filtered infusion before it has cooled. Stir the tea so that the sugar dissolves totally. 1 tablespoon of sugar is about 20 g (0.7 oz).
4 - Let the sugared tea cool down to a temperature not higher than 20 - 25 degrees Centigrade = about 68 - 77 degrees Fahrenheit (lukewarm). The culture dies when it has been placed in a hot nutrient solution.
5 - When the tea has cooled to room temperature, pour the solution into a glass, china, glazed earthenware or stainless steel container. Glass is best. Metal containers of other types than stainless steel are unsatisfactory and should never be used because the acids formed may react with the metal. You could also use a high-grade synthetic material of the polylefine group, e.g. polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene. Wine or cider is also kept in containers made of this food-grade material. However, you should avoid containers made of polyvinylchloride (PVC) or polystyrene.
6 - If you prepare your first Kombucha drink, add the liquid that you got with the culture. On all later batches, always keep enough Kombucha drink to add about one tenth (10%) of the quantity to your new batch as a "starter liquid".
7 - Place the live Kombucha culture in the liquid.
8 - Cover the mouth of the fermentation container with a cheesecloth, a tea towel, paper towel or similar light cloth to keep out fruit flies, dust, plant spores and other pollutants. Tie it down with a large rubber band to ensure that fruit flies can't get in. The cloth must be porous enough to allow air to circulate so the culture can breathe, but not so porous that tiny fruit flies can get in to lay their eggs.
9 - The fermentation should proceed for 8 - 12 days, depending on the temperature. The higher the room temperature, the faster the fermentation. The period of 8 - 12 days is given merely as a guide. The Kombucha culture needs a warm and quiet place and should on no account be moved. The temperature of the tea should not fall below 68 degrees F (= 20 degrees Centigrade) and not rise above 86 degrees F (=30 degrees Centigrade). The ideal temperature is about 74 to - 80 degrees F (=23 - 27 degrees C). Light is not necessary. The culture also works in darkness. The culture may be damaged by exposure to bright sunlight. Half shade is better. During the process of fermentation the sugar is broken down by the yeast and converted into a gas (CO2) and various organic acids and other compounds. It is the combination of these processes which gives the Kombucha beverage its characteristic flavor. The infusion is at first sweet but this sweetness disappears as the sugar is broken down. At the same time an acid flavor begins to develop as a result of the activities of the bacterium, so there is a transition from sweetness to sourness. If a slightly sweet drink is preferred, the fermentation has to be stopped earlier. For a dry or slightly acid flavor it has to be continued longer.
10 - When the tea has attained the right acid degree (pH 2,7 - 3,2), depending on individual taste, remove the culture with clean hands. Clean the culture under cold or lukewarm water. Fill new tea into the jar and add the culture immediately. Respect the right temperature of the tea. Pour the beverage into bottles, which should be filled to the brim. Keep about one tenth (10%) as starter for the next batch. Stopper the bottles securely. I don't think it necessary to strain the fermented beverage through a cloth. A certain amount of sediment is normal. It is due to the growth of yeasts, which produced the gas which aerates the beverage. The yeasts are said to have some desirable positive effects on the human organism.
11 - To find ultimate satisfaction in this drink it should be allowed to mature for a few days (at least 5 days), after having been bottled. The activity of the bacterium is stopped because the bottling excludes the air, while the yeast continues to work. If the bottles are securely stoppered, the gas produced by the yeast's activities, is unable to escape. Thus an effervescent drink is produced. For this a few days in the bottles is usually sufficient; the Kombucha beverage, however, will keep well for months. Do not worry: The yeast will stop the gas production at a certain point. It is advisable to keep the beverage in a cool place.
12 - The drink has an agreeable taste. It is sparkling, slightly sour and refreshing. One normally drinks three glasses a day, one glass (4 to 6 ounces or more) on an empty stomach in the morning, the second glass after a meal in the course of the day, and the last glass a short time before going to bed.
13 - When you start a new fermentation process, never forget to add to the new tea at least 10 % of the liquid from a cultivation which has already fermented.
IMPORTANT POINT TO BE NOTED
Sometimes the culture floats on the surface, sometimes it sinks to the bottom of the liquid. Both is OK. When the culture sinks to the bottom a new culture (a baby-culture) will begin to grow on the surface of the tea. For more details see page 33 of this book. The Kombucha culture needs some time to reproduce itself. It begins with a thin and filmy layer. The longer you leave it in peace, the thicker the new culture will grow. Because the growing of a new culture needs more time you should separate it from the preparation of the beverage that you want to drink. Please allow the new culture on the surface of the liquid 3 to 5 weeks to grow.
The Kombucha culture grows and covers the surface of the tea completely. While growing on the surface of the tea the culture thickens considerably. The thickened culture will be composed of easily separable superimposed layers. The layers can be peeled off one from another and each can be used as independent units for the production of Kombucha beverage.
If the culture should sink to the bottom of the vessel, a new culture will form on the surface of the tea. In this way each culture will continue to propagate itself until it gradually begins to turn a dark brown color. When it is dark and dirty brown discard it and replace it with one of its offspring. Thus this unique culture can provide you and your family with an ongoing supply of Kombucha tea at very low cost.
I would appreciate any exchange of information, experience and research results.
Guenther W. Frank
75217 Birkenfeld, Germany Fax (+49) 7231-485046
E-MAIL: gwfrank@gmx.de
Where to get the book: "Kombucha - Healthy Beverage and Natural Remedy from the Far East" see http://www.kombu.de/where.htm
The Publisher: Verlag Ennsthaler, Stadtplatz 26, A-4402 Steyr-Austria,
Tel. (+43) 7252-52053-52, Fax (+43) 7252-52053-55,
e-mail: buero@ennsthaler.at,
http://www.ennsthaler.at
Age-to-Dose & Weight-to-Dose Dosing Guidelines
The standard dose of herbal extracts for an average adult is 6 grams per day. However, not everybody is an "average adult." The fundamental concept in dosing is to realize that one size does not fit all. Every person is unique and must be treated individual.
The principle behind the Age-To-Dose Dosing Guideline is based on the maturity of the organs to metabolize, utilize and eliminate herbs. This chart is very detailed and is especially useful for infants and younger children. The recommendations are taken from "Herbology" published by Nanjing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 1986.
The principle behind Weight-To-Dose Dosing Guideline is based on the effective concentration of the herb after it is distributed to different parts of the body. This dosing strategy is especially useful for patients whose body weight falls outside of the normal range which may require an increase or a decrease in dose. All calculations are based on Clark's Rule in "Pharmaceutical Calculations" written by Mitchell Stoklosa and Howard Ansel and published by Lea and Febiger in Philadelphia.
These two charts provide every herbal practitioner with a handy reference for dosing for those patients who fall outside the definition of an "average adult." It is still important to keep in mind, however, that these charts serve only as a guideline - not an absolute rule. One must always remember to treat each patient as an individual, not as a chart!
AGE-TO-DOSE DOSING GUIDELINE
Age Recommended Daily Dosage Fine Granules Capsules (0.5 gm) Tablets (0.3 gm)
0-1 month old 1/18 - 1/14 of adult dose* 0.3 - 0.4 grams
1-6 months old 1/14 - 1/7 of adult dose 0.4 - 0.9 grams
6-12 months old 1/7 - 1/5 of adult dose 0.9 - 1.2 grams
1-2 years old 1/7 - 1/5 of adult dose 1.2 - 1.5 grams
2-4 years old 1/4 - 1/3 of adult dose 1.5 - 2.0 grams
4-6 years old 1/3 - 2/5 of adult dose 2.0 - 2.4 grams
6-9 years old 2/5 - 1/2 of adult dose 2.4 - 3.0 grams 5 - 6 capsules** 8 - 10 tablets**
9-14 years old 1/2 - 2/3 of adult dose 3.0 - 4.0 grams 6 - 8 capsules 10 - 13 tablets
14-18 years old 2/3 - full adult dose 4.0 - 6.0 grams 8 - 12 capsules 13 - 20 tablets
18-60 years old full adult dose 6.0 grams 8 - 12 capsules 13 - 20 tablets
60+ years old 3/4 of adult dose or less 4.0 - 6.0 grams 9 - 12 capsules 15 - 20 tablets
WEIGHT-TO-DOSE DOSING GUIDELINE
Weight Recommended Daily Dosage Fine Granules Capsules (0.5 gm) Tablets (0.3 gm)
30-40 lbs 20% - 27% of adult dose* 1.2 - 1.6 grams
40-50 lbs 27% - 33% of adult dose 1.6 - 1.9 grams
50-60 lbs 33% - 40% of adult dose 1.9 - 2.4 grams
60-70 lbs 40% - 47% of adult dose 2.4 - 2.8 grams
70-80 lbs 47% - 53% of adult dose 2.8 - 3.2 grams 5 - 6 capsules** 8 - 10 tablets**
80-100 lbs 53% - 67% of adult dose 3.2 - 4.0 grams 6 - 8 capsules 11 - 13 tablets
100-120 lbs 67% - 80% of adult dose 4.0 - 4.8 grams 8 - 10 capsules 13 - 16 tablets
120-150 lbs 80% - 100% of adult dose 4.8 - 6.0 grams 10 - 12 capsules 16 - 20 tablets
150-200 lbs 100% - 133% of adult dose 6.0 - 7.9 grams 12 - 16 capsules 20 - 26 tablets
200-250 lbs 133% - 167% of adult dose 7.9 - 10.0 grams 16 - 20 capsules 26 - 33 tablets
250-300 lbs 167% - 200% of adult dose 10.0 - 12.0 grams 20 - 24 capsules 33 - 40 tablets
* Standard Adult Dosage is 6 grams of herbal extract per day. ** Capsules or tablets should be used with caution in young children due to possible difficulty in swallowing. Each capsules weighs 0.5 grams and each table weighs 0.3 grams.
Evergreen Herbs & Medical Supplies
All About Blood Stagnation
By Victoria Dragon
There is a broad category in the TCM Materia Medica (list of healing substances) called Herbs that Regulate the Blood. This class is further divided into Herbs That Stop Bleeding and Herbs That Invigorate the Blood.
The herbs that Invigorate the Blood are herbs for treating Blood Stasis (Blood which isn't moving properly). Dan Bensky and Andrew Gamble say in the Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica, Revised Ed., "In general, the problems associated with blood stasis in Chinese medicine are understood in modern biomedicine as either hematological disorders (including hemorrhage, congestion, thrombosis, and local ischemia) or local tissue changes." (pp. 265-266)
Herbs that invigorate the Blood differ in their strengths and in just how much stasis they can correct. Also in their exact functions. There is no standardized terminology for reporting this, and Bensky and Gamble point out that even different sections of the same book may use different terminology. But, there are 4 general categories that will show up in a variety of books. These are in ascending order, herbs that harmonize the Blood, herbs that move Blood, herbs that dispel Blood Stasis, and herbs that break (or crack) Blood Stasis.
Of the substances that break Blood Stasis, the strongest aren't herbs at all. They are a leech (Hirudo seu Whitmania, aka Shui Zhi) and a wingless cockroach (Eupolyphaga seu Opisthoplatia, aka Tu Bie Chong, aka "land soft-shelled turtle" in a literal English translation of the Chinese). The leech contains hirudin and heparin; its not known what the cockroach contains that could account in part for its properties.
For those a little leery of the leech and cockroach routes, Tuber Curcumae (Yu Jin), Rhizoma Curcumae Longae (Jiang Huang), and Rhizoma Curcumae Ezhu (e zhu) also have Blood Stasis breaking properties, can dissolve abdominal masses, and have Qi moving properties as well. (p. 294) Some readers are familiar with the more common English names of Tuber Curcumae and Rhizoma Curcumae Longae: Turmeric tuber and turmeric rhizome. Turmeric is found in the spice section of supermarkets. (Note: Pregnant women need to be careful even about herbs and spices found in the supermarket. Some of these need to be used cautiously or not at all in pregnancy.)
Bensky and Gamble elaborate some on the types of conditions that herbs that Invigorate the Blood are used for. They get used a lot for pain due Blood Stasis. When one starts to study TCM in depth, one quickly realizes that TCM can be meticulous in describing different facets of and quality as well as quantity of pain in order to arrive at the correct analysis. The pain associated with Blood Stasis is a sharp, boring pain. As Bensky and Gamble put it, "The pain associated with blood stasis is rather precisely localized and feels deep, colicky, or sharp. It may be of long duration." (p. 265) This is not a pain which is spread out, vague, or diffuse - like in "my whole lower abdomen feels uncomfortable and bad." One knows exactly where this pain is located. It's boundaries are relatively sharp, and it goes deep. One may even hear the description "It feels like an awl (knife, screw, etc.) has been driven in and is being twisted." Bensky and Gamble report, "The most common types are lower abdominal pain, chest pain, pain from trauma, and pain from internal bleeding. When pain is very localized, well-defined in its boundaries, and sharp, suspect and rule in or rule out pain due to Blood Stasis. (Note: When doing acupressure or massage, one may encounter areas like this. Pain also can be due to Qi Stagnation, but if a point is encountered that is particularly sore and the pain is especially sharp and boring, consider the possibility of Blood Stasis. This pain may be due to other things, including Qi Stagnation, but consider the possibility of Blood Stasis.)
Bensky and Gamble also report that herbs that Invigorate the Blood get used to treat abscesses and ulcers. They say, "In Chiense medicine it is believed that stagnation and stasis of qi and blood are often involved in the pathogenesis of ulcers, abscesses, a variety of necrotic inflmmation such as skin slough due to a colorless, painless, flat, slow-healing suppurative inflammation of the soft tissues (ju), and Intestinal abscesses (chang yong). This last diagnosis often overlaps with appendicitis in modern biomedicine." (p. 265)
Herbs that Invigorate the Blood also get used in treating abdominal masses. "The modern medical diagnoses of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, abdominal or pelvic tumors of various etiologies, and some varieties of abdominal or pelvic cysts often fall under the rubric of immobile abdominal mass." (p. 265) The terms splenomegaly and hepatomegaly refer to an abnormal enlargement of the spleen and liver. These can occur due to a variety of Western-defined causes - infection (mononucleosis, hepatitis, tuberculosis, etc.), cirrhosis of the liver, problems in arteries, problems in ducts, leukemia, thrombosis, stenosis, injury, rheumatoid arthritis (Felty's syndrome), etc. In TCM there are other things besides Blood Stasis that can trigger abnormal swelling or enlargement of the spleen or liver (Qi Stagnation, Damp Heat). But in cases of abnormal enlargement of the spleen or liver, consider the possibility of Blood Stasis as a cause or the enlargement or a symptom of the enlargement (congestion/ blockage can create Blood Stasis), and rule in or out. Also consider that Blood Stasis rarely occurs alone (except in cases due to trauma). I mean somebody slips on a banana peel, falls down, and gets a bruise or breaks a bone, or is in a car wreck, there's obviously no other underlying TCM syndrome giving rise to the Blood Stasis. Cases of surgery (another possible cause of Blood Stasis) don't count because obviously there's an underlying imbalance or the person wouldn't need surgery to begin with. Always ask what else needs to be treated besides the Blood Stasis and ask what's causing the Blood Stasis. In addition to trauma the following also can trigger Blood Stasis: Qi Stagnation, Qi Deficiency, Hot Blood, Blood Deficiency, and Interior Cold. See Maciocia, Foundations of Chinese Medicine, p. 194 for more info on the possible causes of Blood Stasis.) One looks at the entire picture.
Note for students: "The Liver stores Blood ... when a person moves, Blood goes to the channels, when at rest it goes to the Liver." (Maciocia, Foundations, p. 78) When you're asleep or resting, the Blood collects and is stored in the Liver. When you're active, the Blood is sent out to nourish and moisten the muscles. The Liver has a lot of control over the volume of Blood in the body. There are people who have blood volume problems. Lab technicians have problems finding veins and getting blood samples from these people. The people themselves tend to suffer from feeling weak, fainting, etc. "When the Blood flows to the appropriate places in the body at the appropriate times, it will nourish the necessary tissues, and therefore give us energy." (Maciocia, p. 78) When someone has Blood volume problems, suspect and rule in or out Liver Blood Deficiency. Keep in mind that Liver Blood Deficiency can trigger Blood Stasis which can manifest as headaches, some cases of fainting, etc. Liver imbalance isn't the only thing that can cause or contribute to Blood volume problems, but it's the most common underlying Root.
Also, Blood volume problems "indirectly influences our resistance to external pathogenic factors. If this Liver function is normal, the skin and muscles will be well nourished by Blood and be able to resist attacks of exterior pathogenic factors." (Maciocia, p. 78) Remember the question why some people are so much more susceptible to Exterior Pernicious Evils than others are? The number one cause is weak Protective Qi. Yang Deficiency and generalized debility also can be a cause. Add to this a consideration that Liver Blood may be Deficient, and indirectly causing the increased susceptibility.
Victoria Dragon
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ChineseHealing
Aristolochic Acid and Chinese Herbs
By John K. Chen, Ph.D., Pharm.D., O.M.D., L.Ac.
January 5, 2001, CNN reported that a potentially harmful adulterant has been discovered in some herbal medicines that originate in Taiwan.
1. Background Regarding Aristolochic Acid
In the early 1990's, a weight loss clinic in Belgium was dispensing a weight loss regimen that contained numerous drugs and two Chinese herbs. The drugs used were fenfluramine (stimulant and appetite suppressant), diethylpropion (stimulant), acetazolamide (urinary alkalizer), and belladonna (the deadly nightshade). The herbs used were Stephania tetrandra (han fang ji) and Magnolia officinalis (hou po). However, instead of using Stephania tetrandra (han fang ji), the incorrect herb Aristolochia westlandi (guang fang ji) was used. After ingesting this combination of drugs and herbs over a long period of time, several illnesses were reported.(1,2)
In 1998 in United Kingdom, two illnesses were reported following years of ingestion of herbs. Upon examination, it was found that there was a dispensing error. Instead of using Clematis armandii (chuan mu tong), the incorrect herb Aristolochia manshuriensis (guan mu tong) was used.(3)
Despite these errors, the exact cause of illness is still undetermined, according to numerous authoritative sources. American Journal of Kidney Diseases stated that "The exact nature of the nephrotoxin is still speculative. (4)" European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products stated that due to lack of data, "no final conclusion can be drawn concerning the subchronic and chronic as well as reproductive toxicity of its (aristolochia plants) ingredients.(5)" The New England Journal of Medicine stated "The role of Chinese herbs (specifically, aristolochia species) as a cause of renal failure and urothelial carcinoma is still a matter of debate.(6)" Nonetheless, Belgium and United Kingdom have banned "Mu Tong" and "Fang Ji," regardless of whether the correct species is used.
2. Current Regulatory Situation
While the FDA acknowledges that no illness has been reported in its Letter to the Health Care Professional,(7) it has begun to take regulatory actions against herbs that contain, may contain, or may be adulterated with aristolochic acid. The list of single herbs implicated includes, but is not limited to, aristolochia fangchi (guang fang ji), akebia (mu tong), asarum (xi xin), clematis (chuan mu tong), clematis chinensis (wei ling xian), and stephania (han fang ji). The list of herbal formulas implicated include any formula that may include the single herbs listed above, including but not limited to Ba Zheng San, Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Dang Gui Si Ni Tang, and Xi Yi Wan. This action will undoubtedly impact our practice.
We will continue to keep you informed of any new development. Please address all questions and comments to Dr. John Chen at his email address: johnchen@lotusherbs.com.
Sincerely,
John K. Chen, Ph.D., Pharm.D., O.M.D., L.Ac.
President, Evergreen Herbs & Medical Supplies
17431 E Gale Ave.
City of Industry, CA 91748
Tel: 626-810-5530 Fax: 626-810-5534
Website: www.evherb.com Email: sales@evherb.com
References:
Depierreux M, Van-Damme B, Vanden-Houte K, Vanherweghem JL. Pathological aspects of a newly described nephropathy related to the prolonged use of Chinese herbs. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, (1994 Aug) vol. 24(2):172-80.
Vanherweghem JL, Depierreux M, Tielemans C, et al. Rapidly Progressive interstitial fibrosis in young women: association with slimming regimen including Chinese herbs. Lancet 1993; 341:387-91.
Lord GM, Tagore R, Cook T, Gower P, Pusey CD. Nephropathy caused by Chinese herbs in the UK. The Lancet August 7, 1999; 354:481-482,494
American Journal of Kidney Diseases, (1994 Aug) vol. 24 (2):172-80)
Aristolochia Summary Report published by the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit (October, 1997)
The New England Journal of Medicine, (Volume 342, June 8, 2000, Number 23)
Letter to the Health Care Professionals published by the FDA on May 31, 2000
Aristolochic Acid and Chinese Herbs
By John K. Chen, Ph.D., Pharm.D., O.M.D., L.Ac.
January 5, 2001, CNN reported that a potentially harmful adulterant has been discovered in some herbal medicines that originate in Taiwan.
1. Background Regarding Aristolochic Acid
In the early 1990's, a weight loss clinic in Belgium was dispensing a weight loss regimen that contained numerous drugs and two Chinese herbs. The drugs used were fenfluramine (stimulant and appetite suppressant), diethylpropion (stimulant), acetazolamide (urinary alkalizer), and belladonna (the deadly nightshade). The herbs used were Stephania tetrandra (han fang ji) and Magnolia officinalis (hou po). However, instead of using Stephania tetrandra (han fang ji), the incorrect herb Aristolochia westlandi (guang fang ji) was used. After ingesting this combination of drugs and herbs over a long period of time, several illnesses were reported.(1,2)
In 1998 in United Kingdom, two illnesses were reported following years of ingestion of herbs. Upon examination, it was found that there was a dispensing error. Instead of using Clematis armandii (chuan mu tong), the incorrect herb Aristolochia manshuriensis (guan mu tong) was used.(3)
Despite these errors, the exact cause of illness is still undetermined, according to numerous authoritative sources. American Journal of Kidney Diseases stated that "The exact nature of the nephrotoxin is still speculative. (4)" European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products stated that due to lack of data, "no final conclusion can be drawn concerning the subchronic and chronic as well as reproductive toxicity of its (aristolochia plants) ingredients.(5)" The New England Journal of Medicine stated "The role of Chinese herbs (specifically, aristolochia species) as a cause of renal failure and urothelial carcinoma is still a matter of debate.(6)" Nonetheless, Belgium and United Kingdom have banned "Mu Tong" and "Fang Ji," regardless of whether the correct species is used.
2. Current Regulatory Situation
While the FDA acknowledges that no illness has been reported in its Letter to the Health Care Professional,(7) it has begun to take regulatory actions against herbs that contain, may contain, or may be adulterated with aristolochic acid. The list of single herbs implicated includes, but is not limited to, aristolochia fangchi (guang fang ji), akebia (mu tong), asarum (xi xin), clematis (chuan mu tong), clematis chinensis (wei ling xian), and stephania (han fang ji). The list of herbal formulas implicated include any formula that may include the single herbs listed above, including but not limited to Ba Zheng San, Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Dang Gui Si Ni Tang, and Xi Yi Wan. This action will undoubtedly impact our practice.
We will continue to keep you informed of any new development. Please address all questions and comments to Dr. John Chen at his email address: johnchen@lotusherbs.com.
Sincerely,
John K. Chen, Ph.D., Pharm.D., O.M.D., L.Ac.
References:
Depierreux M, Van-Damme B, Vanden-Houte K, Vanherweghem JL. Pathological aspects of a newly described nephropathy related to the prolonged use of Chinese herbs. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, (1994 Aug) vol. 24(2):172-80.
Vanherweghem JL, Depierreux M, Tielemans C, et al. Rapidly Progressive interstitial fibrosis in young women: association with slimming regimen including Chinese herbs. Lancet 1993; 341:387-91.
Lord GM, Tagore R, Cook T, Gower P, Pusey CD. Nephropathy caused by Chinese herbs in the UK. The Lancet August 7, 1999; 354:481-482,494
American Journal of Kidney Diseases, (1994 Aug) vol. 24 (2):172-80)
Aristolochia Summary Report published by the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit (October, 1997)
The New England Journal of Medicine, (Volume 342, June 8, 2000, Number 23)
Letter to the Health Care Professionals published by the FDA on May 31, 2000
A Comparative Evaluation of Diagnostic Systems Used in Herbal Medicine
By Michael Tierra L.Ac, O.M.D.
WESTERN DIAGNOSIS
APPLIED AND BEHAVIORAL KINESIOLOGY
IRIDOLOGY
RADIONICS AND PSIONIC MEDICINE
HERBAL TAROT
WESTERN MEDICAL HERBALISM
PHYSIOMEDICALISM
HOLISTIC MEDICAL HERBALISM
WESTERN SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE
TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC MODELS
PULSE DIAGNOSIS
Ayurvedic Pulse Diagnosis
Western Pulse Diagnosis
AYURVEDIC MEDICINE
CONCLUSION
1. Western Diagnosis
A. Origins and means
Diagnosis in scientific medicine (derived from the word "discern" in Greek) is based on patient's history and physical examination and on laboratory testing. Case history taking is a tradition dating back to the time of Hippocrates and a good physician is skilled at how and when to ask the right questions. I have concurred with Andrew Weil when he states, " More than one skillful physician has said that if one asks the right questions, the patient will make the diagnosis for you in his or her own words." Physical examination is also an ancient art which has changed dramatically since the advent of instruments in the 19th century. Laboratory testing is a radical contemporary innovation that is rapidly becoming the mainstay of contemporary Western medical scientific diagnoses and along with expensive technological diagnostic procedures threatens to replace the traditional art of case taking and direct observation and physical examination.
While previous diagnostic methods used by Western physicians were similar to the so-called Four Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the use of diagnostic instruments dates back to 1819, with the introduction of the stethoscope by the French physician, Rene Laennec (1781-1826). An explosion of diagnostic technology occurred in the late 1800s with the mushrooming appearance of four types of procedures and inventions:
instruments for or means of visualizing gross anatomical structures, including the opthalmoscope, laryngoscope, and X-ray;
medical use of the microscope to correlate specific diseases with specific germs and tissue changes;
devices for measuring body function in momanometer, and electrocardiogram;
chemical tests of body fluids and tissues.
In 1954 the Yale-New Haven Hospital performed forty-eight thousand laboratory procedures; in 1959, ninety-eight thousand; and in 1964, two hundred thousand, while the patient census increased only slightly in the same period. In the US as a whole, about 2 billion laboratory diagnostic tests were done in 1971, 3 billion in 1974, and 4.5 billion in 1976 (Stanley Joel Reiser, Medicine and the reign of Technology (Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1978), 159).
The increasing reliance on expensive diagnostic procedures and testing is sometimes called by some critics "defensive medicine,' because its intent seems more to protect the doctor than to help the patient. With the increase of malpractice suits by dissatisfied patients, doctors have been forced to resort to such extensive and expensive high tech diagnostic procedures in attempt to protect themselves.
Nevertheless, the best diagnosticians remain highly trained observers who have learned to rely on intuition based on subtle observations. Andrew Weil describes "an old clinician in Boston who could "guess" the blood pressure of patients in the hospital by watching them lying in their beds. His guesses were usually right to within a few points."
Urinalysis, X-rays, and standard blood tests may clinch an intuited diagnosis or provide useful clues to prompt one and generally do not cause much discomfort or damage. "Newer tests," according to Andrew Weil, "are directly productive of illness --- iatrogenic illness, that is, doctor-caused (from iatros, the doctor of ancient Greece)." Some of the procedures that may injure or even kill significant percentages of patients include, sampling pieces of liver, lung, and kidney, infecting radiopaque dyes into arteries, exposing patients to great numbers of diagnostic X-rays, injecting powerful drugs for diagnosis.
Criticism by the AMA leveled at the few possible mishaps which have occurred in chiropractic and traditional medicine must be compared to the large numbers of mistakes which have been caused by medical doctors not in the course of treatment but simply as part of contemporary diagnostic procedures. These may include such methods as pneumoencephalography (injecting air into the ventricles of the brain for diagnostic X-rays), angiography (putting catheters and dyes into major arteries), and many other techniques counted as standard procedure in every Western allopathic hospital today.
B: Level of Reliability
a. A nationwide, 32 hospital study compared 1800 clinical diagnoses made on living patients to anatomical diagnoses made at autopsy. They found the error rate was nearly 20 percent. About half of those mistakes probably led to death. (Washington University in St. Louis Feature Service, September 1985)
With an 800 billion dollar a year U.S. medical bill, much of which is simply involved with the process of diagnosis, we see how such extreme reliance on high tech diagnostic procedures, not treatment contributes the largest percentage of that bill.
One is reminded of a statement by the German philosopher, Immanuel Kant, "Physicians think they are doing something for you if they label it as a disease."
APPLIED AND BEHAVIORAL KINESIOLOGY
Good-Bad Methods
1. Applied kinesiology --- Dr. George Goodheart saw a relationship between each large muscle of the body to a body organ. He posited the idea that weakness in a muscle usually meant that there was a problem at the energy level in the associated organ. He found that by treating the muscle in a variety of ways and making it strong, he was able to improve the functioning of the organ.
One of the methods used Dr. Goodheart to strengthen a muscle was through nutrition. Thus is a particular nutritional supplement was given to a patient and the muscle tested strong, it was the right supplement; if it tested weak, it was not. Other methods of treatment could be similarly evaluated such as physical manipulations.
Basically this was a good bad method based upon the subjectively evaluation by the practitioner as to whether a particular muscle felt stronger or weaker when influenced by a particular substance, event or stimuli.
One of Dr. Goodheart's students was Dr. John Diamond, M.D. who was an Australian psychiatrist who relocated himself in the United States. After studying Dr. Goodheart's methods, Dr. Diamond, seeing tremendous psychological value in the concepts of Applied kinesiology and developed his own more psychological approach which he called Behavior Kinesiology (BK).
2. Behavioral psychology, according to Dr. diamond is based on the physiological feedback loop of the Thymus gland. While previously, before the 1950's, little was understood about the thymus since then with the increasing recognition, largely with the dawn of AIDS, of the immune system, the thymus has risen in importance as the special area of the body where bone marrow generated lymphocytes, are transformed by thymus hormones into generations of lymphocytes called T-cells.
While B cells are antibodies originating in the bone marrow and secreted by plasma cells to protect the body against external invasions of bacteria and viruses, T-cells are B-cells which have been transformed in the thymus by a secretion called thymosin or thymopoietin, into cytotoxic T-cells. The job of T-cells is to destroy cells which have become cancerous or infected by viruses.
Understood in the light of BK, the thymus gland creates T-cells specifically to "distinguish self from non-self, friend from foe, and to destroy foreign cells." These T-cells perform a vital immunological surveillance that is directly concerned with the body's ability to resist infections and cancer.
In all mammalian species there is a tendency for thymus activity to diminish with age with a correspond risk of deadly diseases such as cancer. The thymus gland, itself, is very stress sensitive. Within a day after undergoing a severe physical or emotional stress, millions of lymphocytes are destroyed and the thymus shrinks to half its size.
It is specifically this internal ability of the body to recognize viruses, bacteria, diseases and cancerous cells as "friend or foe" that is at the heart of Diamond's Behavioral Kinesiology. He hypothesizes that if certain cells created by the thymus, can recognize foreign or non-foreign substances as useful or not, than the mind of the individual must also be capable of such a recognition. In many instances, this recognition is at the subconscious "energetic" level so that the therapist using BK must find a way to access this "inner knowing." This is done by first establishing a normal resistance of a muscle group, usually, because of convenience, the middle part of the deltoid and then comparing this muscular strength or resistance while pointing to, thinking about or otherwise allowing the influence of a specific bodily area, food, supplement, herb or other substance.
The basic purpose of BK is to test the positive, "good-bad" effects of a substance or experience first on the thymus gland as the primary center of the immune system. In fact, according to Dr. Diamond, the method can be used to diagnose the condition of specific organs or functions in the body as well as determine the effect of specific substances and experiences on any or all other areas of the body.
The value of this diagnostic system, if indeed it can be regarded as such, is that it generates information from the "inner" subconscious knowing of the patient. The therapist only becomes a facilitator of this process. This approach, in itself, has considerable therapeutic benefit whether in fact, the information indeed originates within the patient or from various subjective or objective evaluations of the practitioner.
Using such a system, begins by indirectly centering and empowering the patient to an understanding that he or she is responsible for his or her own well being. That there are specific foods, supplements or herbs one can take that will prove to be uniquely relatively beneficial or harmful. The therapist serves as a facilitator to help the patient access this obvious fact.
The method is especially beneficial if the therapy one uses is largely dependent on the patient's cooperation in affecting certain psychological and life style change. It metaphorically informs the patient through suggestion that if he or she, thinks, acts or eats differently for instance, he or she can expect first an immediate positive response by demonstrating a stronger muscular response through BK, secondarily a stronger and more positive response in terms of all other physiological muscles and organs as well as all mental process.
The negative aspect of this approach is first that it confines itself to an implied "good-bad" methodology. Secondly that results while taking off from pseudo objective scientific theories cased on, for instance, the immediate response of the thymus gland to the mere thought of a "good or bad" substance or experience, has little control over the influence of other experiences that may be simultaneously influencing or might I say, distracting, the patient while being tested.
Dr. Diamond cites how one will test negative to white sugar, coffee, loud rock music, a disturbing color, picture, odor or any other experience. How can the therapist be sure that the BK results are confined to the particular stimulus being tested.
The only answer, is that while intending to base one's results on the "inner knowing" of the patient, the therapist, in fact is bringing to bear a lifetime's worth of personal experience and prejudices which will have a decisive influence on the ultimate results. First, we must bear in mind that it it not so easy to objectively determine the relative strength or weakness of a muscle. There are, as Dr. Diamond readily admits, many influences that will influence a patient's response. some of these are from the patient such as:
The will or determination of the patient to offer or not significant muscular resistance is capable of being influenced by various factors. One is the well known tendency of patients to want to please their therapist or otherwise make him or her right," which the patient unconsciously sees to be for his or her own benefit. This is greatly aided by various indirect non-verbal cues from the therapist who may have a particular preconceived opinion or prejudice such as "alcohol and white sugar is not good for you,"
The personal determination of the therapist to motivate the patient to make those changes that he or she knows or senses would be in the best interests of the patient. This can be an unconscious evaluation on the part of the therapist testing the strength of th muscle or a secret conscious determination based upon the therapist believing that he or she knows what is best for the patient. In any case, such considerations would certainly compromise any shred of objectivity on the part of the therapist.
Simple muscle fatigue from continues and repeated pressure will influence the relative strength of a muscle, especially if the determination is within a relatively small degree.
Kinesiology has become a very popular diagnostic modality by many holistic therapists including chiropractors, some osteopaths, occasional maverick holistic medical doctors, herbalists, nutritionists, naturopaths and acupuncturists. For some it serves as an obvious trick to motivate and empower the patient to make those changes that the therapist already has determined will be good for the patient. For others it offers an efficient right brain exercise that is a welcome relief from the labyrinthine theoretical considerations unique to the discipline of each therapeutic modality. The danger, is that the therapist abandons his system of knowledge and skill, which admittedly requires continues practice and study for a non-system approach which may be far more inaccurate and certainly deprives the therapist from gaining deeper understanding of his particular healing discipline.
By confining one's self to a good-bad feedback mechanism, the breadth of understanding that is possible from a more balanced understanding based on physiological homeostasis in Western medicine, yin yang balance in Traditional Chinese Medicine or Tridosha theory in Ayurvedic medicine is lacking in kinesiology. The danger then is to prescribe diet and supplements based on an overly simplistic understanding of differences of constitution and disease manifestations between people. Using a good-bad determination, offers little recognition for the possibility that is equally a part of holistic medicine and traditional medicine that particular symptoms or disease patterns is often a manifestation of the best and therefore most healthy response to an unhealthy stimuli or condition. The job of the therapist from this point of view is to attempt first to understand the unique expression of the patient without any preconceived good-bad prejudicial considerations and help the body complete the process it is in the process of manifesting. This is most obvious in the case of a rash or measles, which in traditional herbal systems is best treated by taking herbs that help them ripen and complete their cycle of expression.
Given the fact of all the complex variables described above, it is impossible to apply the rigorous double-blind testing that medical modern science requires, one would have to say that kinesiology as a diagnostic tool would fall more under the classification of shamanistic rather than clinical. As with any of these systems, the value of diagnostic evidence from muscle testing is absolutely dependent on the skills and "other" knowledge that the therapist possesses rather than confirmable diagnostic data.
Recently, some acupuncturists, inspired by a Japanese therapist, use a system called "O" ring testing. This is done by testing the muscular resistance of the thumb and index finger when firmly locked together to form an O.
As with other, holistic diagnostic systems, a good deal of the success of patients treated based on kinesiology is the broader an more general value of the more wholesome foods, supplements, physio-therapies that accompany it. Just as it is impossible to limit the effects of a vitamin such as vitamin C or an herb such as ginseng to a particular part of the body, it is also impossible to isolate the effects of a particular acupuncture point or spinal manipulation. This is not offered so much as a criticism of kinesiology as a diagnostic system but more to place it into perspective.
It is my personal opinion, however, that it is very dangerous for a practitioner to abandon the diagnostic discipline of his own particular therapeutic modality solely on the basis of kinesiological diagnosis.
IRIDOLOGY
According to the admittedly questionable legend of the origin of iridology as told by Bernard Jensen, it all began as follows: during the mid 1800's a ten year old boy destined to become Dr. Ignatz von Peczely of Egervar, Hungary, was playing with his pet owl. Accidentally one of the owl's legs was broken. The young boy remembered noticing a curious dark stripe form in the lower region of the iris of the bird which he later realized corresponded to the area of the leg. Eventually the black stripe became a tiny black spot which gradually filled in with white lines and shading. This youthful incident made a lasting impression on the boy so that when he later grew into a successful doctor working in hospital surgical wards at the college hospital he had the opportunity to observe the irises of patients after accidents and operation. From this he was able to develop the first iridology chart outlining corresponding areas of the iris of the eye with all parts of the body.
Doctor von Peczely published his first book called "Discovery in the Realm of Nature and Art of Healing" in 1866. The work was first promoted in Germany by August Zoeppritz. Later, Dr. Emil Schlegel of Tuebingen published a book on the results of von Peczely's establishing the Germans ongoing interest and evolution of iridology or the method of diagnosing the body by study of the iris of the eye.
A Swedish homeopath, Nils Liljequist, further improved the methods of iris diagnosis and introduced it to America. A two volume set based on a translation of his writings was called "Diagnosis from the Eye."
Dr. Henry Edward Lane, a native of Austria, moved to this country and taught iridology to Dr. Henry Lindlahr of Chicago. Dr. Lindlahr practiced iridology and wrote about his experiences in his many books. Dr. Lindlahr was famous for emphasizing the importance of the "law of Cure" based on retracing prior acute symptoms which he believed were the beginning of all chronic conditions.
One of the greatest iridologists of recent times is Peter Johannes Thiel of Germany. A detailed and outstanding textbook was by Dr. J. Haskell Kritzer. The late Dr. John Raymond Christopher and Dr. Bernard Jensen both have been popular exponents of this system which in turn has been adopted by thousands of their followers and students.
As a student and protégé of the beloved Dr. Christopher, I began my career as an herbalist using iridology as the sole diagnostic method. The reasons why and the fact that after three years I abandoned it in favor of traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic diagnostic systems, is based upon certain deficiencies I personally felt and experienced with iridology.
I say this despite the fact that many of my respected herbal colleagues still strongly rely on iridology as their primary system of diagnosis and obviously must be getting, as I did, some positive results in their prescribed herbal and dietary treatments based on iris diagnosis. What ultimately persuaded me to give up the practice and teaching of iris diagnosis was its inaccuracy and the tendency to provide the same kind of limited unholistic good-bad negative information to the majority of patients. In this I was reminded of how I felt when I personally attended Dr. Christopher's readings and heard him say essentially the same thing to every patient and subsequently prescribe the same diet and at least one of his formulas for each major organ in the body. Dr. Christopher also got very good results, but I feel certain that, despite his statement to the contrary, his results had little to do with his iris diagnosis and everything to do with the generally beneficial nature of his dietary regime for the majority of patients he was seeing at the time and the broadly beneficial effects of his herbal formulas.
My own misgivings about iridology became especially apparent when giving a seminar at Esalen and I was casually socializing and sitting with several of my students on the living room floor of Pfeiffer house one evening when they all requested that I read their irises. I must have read from twelve to fifteen sets of irises over the course of an hour. It was at that time that I was confronted with questions about the accuracy and ethics of a system that authoritively told somebody based on a single piece of rather inconclusive evidence, that they were essentially sick or nearly sick. I heard myself reciting the standard litany of iridology, "nerve rings here, prolapsed colon there, heart lesions, etc." -- even to the point of suggesting cancerous or precancerous conditions any or all of which may or may not have actually existed!
One positive outcome for them was that they became motivated, hopefully, to a better lifestyle and dietary regime. For me and hopefully for them, that they had the experience of purchasing several of Dr. Christopher's excellent formulas which I just happened to be selling and might experience the many health benefits from following a relatively balanced herbal program.
As I became more deeply interested in traditional Chinese herbal and Ayurvedic differential diagnosis, I found iridology to be of little or no value compared to the more comprehensive value of these Asian diagnostic systems. My last consideration for the value of iridology was the hope that I could monitor a patient's progress by observing the fabled "fine white healing lines slowly filling in the dark lesions," which I never saw or the eyes change to a lighter color, which I did observe and was supposed to represent a cleansing or detoxification. The problem was that matching the lighter eye shade that developed after a patient went on a cleansing, vegetarian, mostly fruit and raw food diet for a few months, from the perspective of Chinese differential diagnosis and based on other signs and indications, represented blood deficiency or anemia.
Nevertheless, despite the fact that I was no longer using iridology but relying solely on traditional diagnostic systems of Traditional Chinese Medicine (i.e. acupuncture and Chinese herbalism) I was undaunted to try to satisfy at least for myself the value and truth, if any of iridology. A younger colleague fully equipped with the most up to date specialized iridology equipment introduced himself and stated that he wanted to give iridology readings at my clinic and at the same time monitor the course of my patients over a period of six months.
Given the fact that for most of us as well my patients six months is quite a long period, there was ample opportunity for many of these to go through a variety of health related changes. Some people became well and got sick again with either the same or perhaps a different set of symptoms, others suffered injuries or operations. They all had their irises repeatedly photographed and studied by my colleague and myself. Where was Peczely's owl or the markings he claimed to observe in patients of the 19th century Hungarian hospital ward? Were were the fine white healing lines that were supposed to knit together the small dark lacunae corresponding to the healing of operations and injuries of different parts of the body?
Our conclusion after six months: my colleague, trying to hold on to the fast disappearing shred of belief in the validity of iridology sheepishly and somewhat guiltily sold his camera to another would be iridology enthusiast. I buried my official iridology magnifying head band in a box in a dark, hopefully soon forgotten area of my office closet, where I must confess it still remains after over 15 years, unopened.
Since that time and only last year I spoke with another herbalist, colleague, Debra Nuzzi who worked as the editor of many of Dr. Bernard Jensen's books, including his "The Science and Practice of Iridology." She continues to hold Dr. Jensen in high esteem both as a teacher and dedicated healer. Nevertheless in assembling the various photographs for his book, she told me how she confronted Dr. Jensen with the fact that in the many photographs she was editing to include in the book there were never any fine white lines filling in dark areas that would exemplify healing and recovery. It seemed that, like my colleague with the camera and myself, attempts to discover positive signs of healing solely from iridology was for Dr. Jensen more of a longed for hope than a reality.
As with kinesiology, I would not question the value of these "good-bad" systems when used by an experienced and skilled practitioner. The problem is when an inexperienced practitioner naively decides that he need not study or practice any other diagnostic system. That he or she can know everything solely from pushing a patients arm up or down or looking with a magnifying glass in this or her eyes. As we shall see, even in Traditional Chinese or Ayurvedic medicine few experienced practitioners would trust themselves to rely solely on such highly respected systems as pulse or tongue diagnosis. Rather these methods are part of a broader, more holistic differential system which evaluates different diagnostic indications, comparing them against each other and arriving at a differential hypothesis for which to begin treatment.
RADIONICS AND PSIONIC MEDICINE
Radionics is a diagnostic method and treatment that is done at the distance from the patient. Psionic medicine is a simpler version of radionics that is primarily based on the use of a device such as the pendulum. Both these methods are based on a similar unified theory concept. This concept was developed and exemplified through the teachings of a distinguished physician, George Laurence, Mac Donagh and Rudolf Steiner and it essentially affirms the interconnection of all life and phenomena as understood in various Asian spiritual philosophies such as Yoga and Buddhism. The concept of radionics and psionic medicine along with more recent techniques such as crystal healing is based on the idea that by clearing one aspect or part of the the self or universe through the force of directed will and intention, another person or part of the universe will also be cleared. Thus absent diagnosis and treatment of disease can be accomplished by simply stilling the mind to a certain rate of vibration (usually called "alpha" which is approximately seven brain cycles per second) and focusing inward one can determine and affect the condition of another individual irregardless of their location in the world or universe.
Since many highly skilled and effective herbalists use a psionic methods called "dowsing" with the use of a pendulum it is appropriate to consider this approach as a prototype for a wide variety of so-called psychic or shamanistic diagnostic methods. I must preface my discussion by saying that I have absolute belief and first hand experience of the spiritual unified field concept as well as the potential and power of a absent diagnosis and treatment. I feel that such methods can be abused and misused and readily admit of ingenuine charlatry and should be regarded, especially, it it the only understanding one has of healing and health, with suspicion.
Radionic machines, including a wide variety of high priced electro-diagnostic machines are being widely manufactured and sold and used by very competent natural practitioners ranging from herbalists, acupuncturists to radical medical doctors. I believe that such mercenary sale and use of these pseudo-scientific devices are unnecessary since the energy that is supposed to operate them is essentially mental. They may have some definite "shamanistic" value as they constitute a material bridge between the physical and mental worlds.
It is unfortunate and confusing at best, to substitute or mistake such methods for appropriate understanding and study of herbal diagnosis and healing. I have seen master herbalists such as the late Norma Myers of Vancouver B.C. adroitly and expertly use a window shade string to determine specific foods, herbs and amounts to include in an herbal formula for her patients. I have confidence in her ability to do this because she had a consummate knowledge of herbs and healing and would often use a pendulum to check between a number of possibilities that she already considered might be effective for a condition.
Since there is a big area for the influence of hypnotic suggestion and placebo effect in such methodology, it is not always clear, nor, however, do either the therapist or patient cares why something may be effective so long as it is. The problem is that it may be unduplicatable in the hands of another, unless one considers the implications of the use of Bach Flower Essences as a manifestation of this same psychosomatic phenomena.
The general unreliableness of such an approach, plus its highly subjective nature and tendency to be influenced by various external influences should rule such methods of treatment as not inherent to the practice of herbal medicine but useful as an adjunctive tool for diagnosis and treatment.
Spiritual medicine as a part of holistic healing has always been a part of traditional herbalism in all cultures. We see this in the tendency to combine shamanistic practices and rituals in Traditional Chinese herbalism as influenced by the Taoists as well as the use of omens and talismans that is a part of Ayurvedic medicine. further, herbs and diseases have been classified in many traditional cultures according to astrological signs and condition. This is seen in the writings of the famous sixteenth century herbal physician, Nicholas Culpepper whose controversial statement as a closing state of his famous Complete Herbal is "To such as study astrology (who are the only men I know that are fit to study physic, physic, without astrology, being like a lamp without oil."
The world's most renowned medical astrologist, Ingrid Naiman, achieves phenomenal results in combining astrological-spiritual guidance together with traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer. I am honored and proud of the fact that she has chosen to use my herbal Planetary formulas, River of Life and The Complete Pau 'd Arco Combination along with escharotic salves based on traditional Eclectic formulas to achieve her outstanding results.
The HERBAL TAROT developed by artist-herbalist Candice Cantin and myself associates a single herb with each of the 78 cards of the Tarot. The major arcana has a single herb assigned to each card that most represents the energies and qualities while each of the four minor arcana or suites corresponds to the four elements, the pentacles for the earth elements using herbs that are good for digestion and assimilation; the swords for the air element using herbs that are useful for treating the respiratory and nervous systems; the cups for the water element assign herbs that are good for the genito-urinary tract and finally the wands for the fire element that combine herbs that both cool and stimulate circulation.
The traditional symbology of the cards are preserved to allow for the subconscious mind to associate images that correspond to various stages and states of one's conscious evolution. A particular spread can serve the same purpose as a Navajo sand painting to help the patient get in touch with different psycho-physiological aspects relating to their healing. The herbs indicated can be used as talismans, essences or as "plant allies" that if not specifically indicated for the patient, can help guide both the patient and healer to an herbal combination that would be useful for their particular condition.
Again, unless one were an Edgar Cayce, I would caution against the inexperienced relying solely on such purely psychic or intuitive methods. Usually it doesn't work if one's ego is involved and at times, it is very difficult to remove one's ego sufficiently to achieve reliable results with such methods.
WESTERN MEDICAL HERBALISM
Western medical herbalism, unlike traditional Asian systems such As Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurvedic and Unani or Tibb herbal medicine, seems to lack a universally accepted traditional or school of herbal medicine. Since the time of Henry VIII, with the signing of the herbalist charter, herbal medicine has been protected in the UK and throughout the Commonwealth (including Australia and New Zealand) against the type of repression that has occurred in other countries, especially in the US.
There are no laws restricting the practice of herbal medicine in the UK by anyone but there is the National Institute of Medical Herbalists who have a four year curriculum with highly trained and qualified graduates who practice professionally. The herbalism expounded by graduates of the NIMH is a combination of humoral theory as represented in the Teachings of Hippocrates and the Roman Galen, the lineage of medical herbalists that have been a part of the rich herbal heritage of Great Britain, the significant influence of North American Thompsonian herbal medicine as transpoted from America to the U.K. by Dr. Coffin and last but not least, orthodox scientific medicine.
Two of the leading exponents of British Medical Herbalism in North America are David Hoffman and AManda McQuade. One of the most interesting and important books specifically outlining the system, besides David Hoffman's writings is Herbal Medication by A.W. Priest and L.R. Priest.
In terms of diagnosis, according to Stephen Fulder, "Modern Western herbalists use much the same terminology and concepts as current orthodoxy (referring to Western medical science), but they are interested in detecting and restoring normal function rather than acting to stop a pathology. The symptom is seen as a sign, if read correctly, point to the seat of disorder. For example an infection may point in the first place to 'stagnation' of the affected tissues. Healthy tissues, like running water, cannot suffer colonization by bacteria; such an invasion can only occur in the histological equivalent of the brackish pond. Treatment of infections then demands that the tissue be 'cleansed' and brought back into the vital circulation. Antibiotics would only be necessary in this scheme if the colonization was so excessive that there was real doubt as to the host's ability to overcome it from vital resources, and then appropriate only if underlying stagnation were treated as well. Using antibiotics alone is seen as being as productive as pouring disinfectant into a brackish puddle and pronouncing it 'clean'.
The same concern with underlying causes marks the herbal practitioner's approach to other conditions. A spasmodic condition like asthma or colitis speaks first of an irritant factor combined with a tendency to over-react. AN inflammatory condition like skin disease or arthritis speaks of a healthy but insufficient attempt to eliminate toxic accumulations. Similarly, in dealing with migraine or the autoimmune conditions a primary aim is to search for the source of toxicity, perhaps in defective digestive or liver function or in inadequate elimination."
Medical herbal diagnosis uses the standard methods of Western medical science to determine where the primary and secondary physiological imbalances occur that may be the underlying cause for a particular disease manifestation. There is a special emphasis on case history, taking into account current stresses, dietary habits and lifestyle as well as evaluating the main physiological functions of the body: digestive, respiratory, genito-urinary, cardio-vascular, nervous and emotional. This is done together with relative clinical assessments: general physical examination, blood pressure, pulse, microscopic assessment of urine, blood and stool.
There are two predominant influences prevalent within the practice of Western Medical Herbalism as represented in NIMH. These include "physiomedicalism" and other systems based on Western physiology such as "holistic herbalism" of David Hoffman.
PHYSIOMEDICALISM
Physiomedicalism originated from the teachings of Samuel Thompson (1769-1843) and who himself was strongly influenced by Native American healing practices, the use of their herbs but more important the use of the vapour bath which was derived from the physio-spiritual teachings of the Native American 'sweat Lodge', that combined the psycho-active principle of prayer with physical therapies.
Samuel Thompson's system, at one time in 19th century North America claimed up to three million adherents, later matured in the work of Wooster Beach (the founder of Eclectic Medicine), W.H. Cook, T.J. Lyle and J.M. Thurston. The essential emphasis of Thompson's system was based on the essential vitality of the organism and its ability to eliminate toxic waste from the organs and tissues or the body. In this, there is considerable similarity with the concept of "chi" in Traditional Chinese Medicine or "prana" in Ayurveda. The major difference with Chinese herbal medicine is in the emphasis on detoxification whereas Chinese herbal medicine has tonification or the principle of to "first tonify the deficiencies," as its founding maxim. Ayurveda emphasizes a balance of both elimination and detoxification. Japanese-Chinese herbal medicine, called "kanpo" again sees even the process of tonification as a way not only of building up the deficiencies but to tonify or strengthen the bodies' eliminative power.
According to Herbal Medication, physiomedical diagnosis, while borrowing the terms of Western pathology, aims at a deeper understanding or functional organic states. Symptoms are evaluated in terms of their being manifested as:
Symptoms: the subjective and objective superficial evidence of systemic disturbance.
Functional disorders: variations from the normal standard of performance or balance function in any organ or system, reflecting imbalance of autonomic function.
The true disease state involving organic changes in cells and tissues. The limit of treatment is restoration to a state of relative functional equilibrium and optimum trophic state, subject to the tendencies and predispositions of the physiological and temperamental typology."
Peculiar to the diagnostic system of physiomedicalism as expounded by Priest and Priest and others who representative of the the National Institute of Medical Herbalists, is an assessment of underlying vitality necessary for effective herbal treatment. The vital state may be:
Positive: the symptoms represent positive eliminative or reconstructive action--the healing crisis of Naturopathy.
Tolerant: relative equilibrium and compensation is established and the encumbrance tolerated in various tissues.
Negative: the symptoms represent a forced reaction to a progressive encroachment of obstructive conditions and pathological deterioration, but ineffectually in ultimate result, leading to low-grade chronic symptoms--- the disease crisis of Naturopathy."
Disease is seen as a necessary compensation to an imbalanced condition. Before disturbing the particular adaptation the body has made to, for instance, an imbalanced diet, lack of sleep, various physical and emotional stresses, one needs to evaluate the inherent strenght or weaknesses the body has to make the necessary changes. A positive crisis assumes that the body has sufficient vital energy to overcome the disease as in a simple cold or flu for instance. All that is needed is proper management, to get out of the body's way through rest and fasting or simple diet. A negative disease crisis requires stronger support of relative vital functions in order to prevent chronic soquelae from becoming established.
In terms of the Eliminative functions which especially include the colon and kidneys, evaluations are made as to the bodies' ability to adequately eliminate waste materials on three levels:
intra=cellular: the interplay of electrolyte functions and the diffusion of chemical ions across the cell membrane.
Organismic: the processes of intermediate metabolism.
Special organis of excretion: specific functions to eliminate unusable end products and chemical wastes."
The synthetic metabolic process of anabolism or the eliminative process of catabolism results in some chemical by-product that requires elimination. If for any reason, proper elimination cannot be achieved, the chemical by-product is stored in the tissues of the body and gradually obstructs other vital metabolic processes that lead to chronic degenerative disease.
It is for these kinds of conditions that alteratives are indicated to promote elimination of various tissue wastes. These include herbs broadly classed as blood purifiers by Western herbalists or 'heat clearing herbs' in Chinese herbal medicine. also included are diuretics to eliminate fluid wastes, purgatives to eliminate solid wastes and cholagogues to promote the discharge of bile and general blood purification through the liver.
Following the principles of Thompsonian theory as the basis for physiomedical practice, the patient is evaluated in terms of the need for thermotaxis and hydration using the so-called vapour bath, to remove toxic encombrances from the tissues of the body. In this, the American Samuel Thompson (1769-1843), strongly influenced by Native American healing practices, may have been imitating the universal practice of the "sweat lodge" that integrated sweating and prayer to purify body, mind and spirit.
The underlying cause of disease according to Thompson and subsequent physio-medical practices is chronic sub-thermal conditions that impeded or slowed the eliminative processes of the body. From this, the use of warming stimulants such as cayenne and ginger and the vapour bath became, as it still is today in the legacy of the late Dr. Raymond Christopher, the primary therapy of Thompsonian physiomedical herbalism.
The second characteristic is the use of the lobelia emetic for helping to clean mucus from stomach and lungs. This practice has much in common with similar emetic therapies recommended in Ayurvedic medicine that also uses vomiting as a technique for clearing deep seated mucus called "kapha" and in its more degenerative form "ama" from the tissues of the body.
Overall, there are many common elements in the practice of physiomedical herbalism and older traditional systems, especially Ayurveda. The biggest difference, as with most Western medical herbal systems, is in the more subtle differential evaluation not only of bodily and emotional symptoms but tongue, pulse, abdominal and palpation diagnosis as is characteristic in Traditional Chinese, Ayurveda as well as the more highly developed art of herbal tonification therapy used in these traditional Asian systems. It seems that in Western medical herbal systems, while there is much regard for what is called "vital force" there is little understanding of the herbs and preparations that can be used directly to supplement these subtle energies as with the Chinese use of herbs like ginseng, codonopsis, dang quai, astragalus to name a few and the various tonics used in Ayurveda such as the purified mercury compound called "Sidh Makaradwaj" or Chyavanprash.
HOLISTIC MEDICAL HERBALISM
This system is another branch of British Medical Herbalism as presently expounded in the writings of David Hoffman and the teachings of Amanda McQuade. This approach is very similar to the preceding except there is not such a strong influence of Thompsonian herbalism with the use of strong stimulants such as cayenne, the vapour bath and the lobelia emetic. Holistic medical herbalism represents an attempt to prescribe relative simple herbs according to the condition of the barious biological organs and physiological functions of the body. As with all the more evolved systems of herbal medicine, the actual Western named disease, especially in more chronic conditions is treated indirectly using herbs appropriate for various systems, especially the digestive-eliminative systems, the circulatory system and the nervous systems.
The method of evaluating the state of health is through standard case history evaluation of symptoms, clinical evaluations and Western microscopic tests. The term "holistic" refers not only to the relationship of the body and mind but the inner relationship of the various organs and physiological processes.
Herbs, diet and various physical exercises are recommended to remove any stagnations of toxins in any of these systems. By so doing, the body is best able to strengthen and heal itself.
In America, herbalist, Michael Moore, has evolved his own unique medical herbal system based on a profound and intimate understanding of Western physiology and the actions of specific herbs. Michael's diagnostic approach is generally based on observation of the the patient and his or her symptoms.
WESTERN SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE
We need to mention Western scientific medicine, because some of the diagnostic procedures of this approach are used by medical herbalists. The most significant difference in the approach of orthodox Western medicine is its emphasis on symptom suppression primarily through the use of surgery and drugs. With the rapid rise of medical technology, there are increasingly refined and expensive diagnostic tests which can supply a seemingly inexhaustible series of criteria to support one's thesis concerning a patient's condition.
There is, so far, little regard for holistic interrelationships between the various internal organs. Thus the underlying cause of disease is of little consequence and too often the most shallow understanding of a particular condition, however couched it may be in scientific medical jargon, is the result.
Treatments are prescribed according to the specific disease, often with little regard for the nature and condition of the patient. The result is a plethora of adverse reactions to treatment, rampant patient dissatisfaction and skyrocketing medical costs.
Back in 1874, one of the great eclectic physicians, John M Scudder stated in his book "Specific Diagnosis", "It is yet the opinion, that "diagnosis" has reference to the classification of disease according to the received nosology; that it means naming the affection "bilious fever," "typhoid fever," "pneumonia," "nephritis," etc. And so it does with the genius doctor, at large, and their souls travail in diagnosis until a suitable name is delivered. And then they consult their memories and books for recipes to throw at this name, which to them seems almost an entity."
Later Scudder is even more vitriolic as he states,"Do you mean to say," asks the reader, "that the present system of nosology is useless?" Yes, so far as curing the sick is concerned, that is just what I mean to say. Not only useless, but worthless--a curse to physician and patient--- preventing the one from learning the healing art, and the other from getting well.---- The first lesson in pathology we want to learn is, that disease is wrong life. The first lesson in diagnosis is, that this wrong finds a distinct and uniform expression in the outward manifestations of life, cognizable by our senses. The first lesson in therapeutics is, that all remedies are uniform in their action; the conditions being the same, the action is always the same."
In his two volumes "Specific Diagnosis" and Specific Medication" Scudder outlines a system of differential diagnosis, including pulse, tongue and other signs and symptoms that is amazingly like that of Traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. Also like these traditional systems of remedy classification, Scudder is opposed to isolating and separating the classification from the specifically named disease. Like the indications of traditional herbal systems, Scudder states that the "new diagnosis means medicine, and must point out the cure for the particular case in hand."
Whereas Western medicine has tended to advance towards increasing diagnostic technology, traditional medicine aims at sharpening the sensory direct powers of observation, listening, feeling and interrogation of the healer.
Specific Western diagnosis can be very misleading. The reason for this is always in the subsequent treatment which usually aims at the most superficial suppresion of symptoms. Usually what is best for suppressing symptoms is usually harmful to the overall lifeforce of the individual. For instance, an antidepressent sedative such as Haldol (haloperidol) is the current drug of choice for dementia and Alzheimer patients. Its action is aimed totally at suppressing aberrant behavior. Unfortunately it is well known to cause irreversible damage to the brain and thus hastens the metal degeneration. Similarly, various forms of corticosteroids are used for treating a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases including diseases of the respiratory tract, skin as well as various rheumatic and arthritic conditions.
The patient who takes corticosteroids today is generally quite aware of the inevitable side effects from long term use. Nevertheless, this particular class of drugs is remarkably effective in suppressing painful inflammatory conditions. Whereas the intention of the Western medical doctor is to fully supplant the body's natural capacity to produce antiinflammatory hormones through the adrenals and endocrine system, the traditional herbalist uses herbs that contain saponins which are used as organic building blocks or hormone precursers by the body.
The use of antibiotics is well known to cause an indiscriminate destruction not only of unfavorable bacteria but favorable ones as well. Since the favorable flora and fauna seem to play an important immunological function, the abuse of antibiotics has been attributed as the underlying cause of many chronic immune dysfunctions that we se today. Just as destroying a certain insect or animal in nature can upset the delicate balance that exists there, so also the destruction of certain microorganisms in the body can cause an imbalanced proliferation of others such as candida albicans. One of the questions that I have not seen addressed, however, is what other substances besides antibiotics can imbalance favorable microorganisms in the body. Taking the perspective that antibiotics have a cold energy, and that these are known to exert marked antibiotic properties, we might see some broad relationship whereby other cold natured substances such as a lack of calories, protein, excess of vegetables, vitamins, expecially vitamin c might cause a similar imbalance.
The use of sulfisoksazole, a sulfonmide drug for urinary tract infections while having the ability to overcome the infection, also has well documented injurious effects on the kidneys. Since many who have problems with urinary tract infections would be understood in TCM to have chronic kidney-adrenal deficiency, to cure an infection in the urinary tract with a drug that further injures the kidneys seems in the long run counterproductive. The problem is compounded by the fact that medical doctors are not usualy aware of underlying lifestyle causes that may be the root of the problem. Some of these are the abuse of what is classified in traditional medicine as "heating" substances such as sugar and other stresses. To remove the acute pattern of disease without addressing the underlying cause seems to be very short sighted to say the least.
It is interesting to note that such conditions as high cholesterol and blood lipids may correspond to traditional imbalances described in the ancient literature of Ayurveda. There is a definite correlation between what is classified as "ama" in Ayurveda with high blood lipids. Ama is described as a sticky substances that impairs circulation and is accompanied with a wide variety of circulatory disorders. It is particularly associated with aging and there certain herbal preparations that are traditionally used in Ayurveda to help reduce Ama in the body. The primary preparation is called "guggula" which is a preparation made from the resin of commiphora guggul. Usually for excess ama it is combined with triphala which combines three myrobolic fruits that together are revered as the most precious of all herbal formulas in ayurveda because of their balanced detoxifying effects. In Chinese medicine a similar diagnosis, however at a more extreme stage of imbalance is called "invisible phlegm masking the opening of the heart". This condition is usually associated with insane or impaired mental function since the heart, in TCM governs the mind.
It would seem that the biggest problem in Western medicine is that there is little, if any, correspondence between diagnosis and cure as Scudder so aptly noted. Western medicine generally takes a symptomatic mechanical perspective to treatment while traditional herbal medicine takes a nutritional approach based on attempting to discover what the body needs to maintain better homeostasis. Drugs are used to mechanically inhibit certain adverse so-called disease reactions, whereas herbs in the hands of a traditional practitioner are used to empower vital organic processes so the body heals itself.
There is a problem, with Traditional Western herbalism being corrupted with the Western medical model. There is a danger in using herbs such as mahuang in highly concentrated extracts to boost energy. There is also a problem in over inflating through advertising specific herbs for a specifically named pathological disease.
Because of their mild nature, herb work best when used holistically, in harmony with all physiological functions and processes. With the exagerrated emphasis on quality and potency, the public is misinformed to believe that if an herb doesn't work in its whole form, it must be taken in an concentrated extract before it will prove effective. While the question on herb quality is of paramount importance to the producer of herb products, the problem of selecting the correct herbal remedy is the primary problem of the practitioner.
I would like to take a few examples from the current popular books and literature on herbs to point out some of the misleading information that does not corroborate traditional diagnostic systems with the herbal remedy.
St Johnswort (Hypericum Perforatum)
A recent book Christopher Hobbs is quoted as stating "In Europe, St. Johnswort has a long history of use, particularly as a folk remedy in the treatment of wounds, kidney and lung ailments, and depression."
Next the author goes on to describe a clinical study of 15 women suffering with depression who were given a standardized extract (promoting his companies' product line), which "led to significant improvement in symptoms of anxiety, depression, and feelings of worthlessness" according to a German study. In addition, the extract greatly improved sleep quality because it was effective in relieving both insomnia and hypersomnia (excessive sleep).
The problem with this from a clinical perspective is that there are many causes of depression and related insomnia. It most certainly has an emotional cause which is different for each individual. There are many who tend to fall depressive slump for which, I suppose St Johnswort might be effective. The question is how long must it be taken before such favorable results are noticed and assuming that the depression comes in cycles, how can we distinguish the difference between a self limiting cycle and the effect of St Johnswort. Further, supposing that the cause of one individual's chronic depression is traumatic memories of child abuse or lack of self esteem perhaps aggravated by a recent separation, what is St. Johnswort going to do about these causes for depression which usually take time to resolve. It seems that in these circumstances we need to determine whether published scientific research plays a significant "placebo" like role in the popular use of St. Johnswort for depression on the European continent.
Looking up Hypericum in Boericke's Materia Medica, a homeopathic materia medica that tends to use a majority of low potency or mother tincture herbal remedies, we find that St Johnswort is specific for nerve injuries and symptoms associated with an injured nervous system. Certainly an emotional shock with resultant depression would qualify as a possible injury to the central nervous system. For that matter an injury to the spine or the coccyx also qualifies as affecting the automatic nervous system. There is a big distinction between depression caused by recent shock or injury as opposed to chronic depression caused by more deep seated psychological problems. I personally know how complex and difficult it is to treat chronic depressive individuals and it is extremely misleading to not specify the specific type and causes of depression for which St Johnswort might be effective.
Taking one more example of the misrepresentation that results from trying to validate a traditional herbal remedy solely from a superficial Western alopathic medical perspective, the use of a standardized 24% extract of flavonoid glycosides of Ginkgo biloba is described allopathically indicated for:
decreased blood supply to the brain
senility, ringing in the ears, dizziness
impotence
varicose veins
Alzheimer's disease
The same author describes the leaves as being traditionally used to "benefit the brain". The overwhelming description of use for Ginkgo, especially the nuts, is for the treament of asthma and coughs. There is also a less frequent reference for the leaves as being used to treat coughs and asthma. Other uses are as a digestive stimulant and antiparasite remedy.
The fruit is classified in Traditional Chinese Materia Medicas as an astringent herb with sweet, bitter, slightly toxic and neutral properties. It is used to expel phlegm from the lungs, luekorrhea, spermatorrhea, frequent urination and urinary incontinence. No mention in traditional medicine for the use of the leaves especially in a concentrated 24 to one extract form to improve vascular circulation to the brain.
We can read voluminous information about the chemistry of 24% ginkgo leaves as well as its effects of cells, neuronal cells, tissues, blood. We read of studies that seem to point to the usefulness of gingko in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The pressing question for the therapist is how can he or she determine whether the whole flesh and blood person who sits before him or her in a clinical setting is the one for whom 25% Ginkgo extract is indicated? For an herbalist to give allopathically for any conditions of the indicated key use is hardly worthy of the high art and science of herbal medicine.
The indications are simply not specific enough to inform the practitioner of the effectiveness of the remedy.
To make our diagnosis and prescribing more accurate and precise all we need to do is inquire about the cause of the above stated indications or in a word fill in the important question of who with the well known indications for 24% ginkgo extract should get the remedy. This requires a lot more thought and consideration on the part of the practitioner.
Decreased blood supply to the brain could be caused by simple lack of blood or anemia for which ginkgo has little benefit. Its primary benefit, if we are convinced by the scientific studies, is to improve circulation of blood and nerve force not to directly tonify or nourish it. Ginkgo is a circulatory stimulant so that it may be good for circulatory problems related to all the above indications, making it a useful yang-moving tonic but it is not good for patterns of deficiency chi, blood or yin-essence. In fact, taken alone, it could further exhaust the body's reserves and deplete blood and yin, which is a broad term that describes bodily fluids and substance.
From these few examples, we see that there are some very real problems in applying an alopathic diagnostic model to the use of herbs. I personally hope, that herbalists will take a more active role in condemning such dangerous and misleading herbal indications by scientists and those who have made themselves spokespersons for the simplistic allopathic style of herbal prescribing whose primary aim is to cell herbal products rather than make them therapeutically useful agents.
Western Medical herbalists, however, have found good use for combining Western diagnostic precedures with herbal medicine. They use such indexes as blood pressure, microscopic lab tests, pulse, symptom evaluation and so forth to arrive at a differential diagnosis of what organs and functions to treat that is appropriate to the individual rather than the disease name.
TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC MODELS
TCM diagnosis is based on a differential system where several paramaters are examined based on the four diagnosis, questioning, observation, palpation and listening and the predominant concurring findings are taken as the basis for the diagnosis. This is called 'differential' diagnosis and strongly contrasts with the earlier simplistic iridology and kinesiological "good-bad" systems and other overly simplistic diagnostic systems that are based on one finding only. Western medical diagnosis is also based on a differential system of evaluating several parameters before making a fully authoritive diagnosis. The problem is that Western medicine aims only at diagnosing the named pathology while Traditional diagnostic systems such as Ayurveda and TCM aim at diagnosing dynamic functional organic systems encompassed by the concepts of the ZangFu organ syndromes.
Chinese physiology takes quite a different perspective from Western scientific physiology. First, the Chinese describe only twelve functional organ systems of which the six transformative solid yin organs are the most important. The remaining six yang hollow organs are merely considered as vessels of transport and their function is usually directly related to the function of the deeper Zang or yin organs.
The six Zang are heart, pericardium, spleen, lungs, kidney and liver. There are corresponding diagnostic indications for each of these some of which are obvious from a Western perspective such as palpitations and blood vessels are indicative of heart, urinary problems are indicative of kidney-bladder imbalances and cough, nasal conditions are indicative of lung imbalances. Other indications are not so obvious from a Western perspective such as the relationship of the ears or head hair to the kidneys, insane or aberrant mental behavior and the tip of the tongue to the heart, feelings of spaced out, ungroundedness to the spleen. There are even assignments of physical postures and movements that are used to direct the TCM physician to the troubled organ system such as problems with stretching or walking being heart related, problems associated with sitting being related to the spleen, problems with standing being associated with the kidneys and so forth.
In fact, it might be said that the only limits to interpreting any given symptom or sign is the knowledge and understanding of the physician.
Despite the sometimes colorfully obtuse language of Tcm it is my belief that the major difference between Western and classical Chinese medical physiology are semantic based upon two very different perspectives of the body. To begin, traditional medicine is truly holistic in that it unites all physical and mental symptoms in a common diagnostic system. The mind and body are simply not separate according to Traditional medicine.
In TCM, various emotional states are aligned with each of the five elements and their corresponding organs so that their is a corresponding emotion and mental state for each element-organ. Similarly, Ayurveda outlines gunas or states of consciousness with each of the three humours or tridosha, which is the basis of Ayurvedic diagnosis. They are influenced by food, herbs and various lifestyle factors and are sattva, a state of peaceful equilibrium, rajas, a state of outgoing, aggressive action and tamas, a state of inertia or dullness. Obviously, such conscious states and their correspondences have a lot to do with one's health.
Both traditional systems see health as a state of balance or homeostasis. TCM seeks to achieve a balance of yin-passive and yang-active physiological function which equates to the concept of shiva-shakti in Ayurveda. Ayurveda, nevertheless, emphasizes a balance in terms of three using the tridosha or three humour system.
Both systems really accomplish Scudder's dictum that "diagnosis means cure" since the specific diagnosis of each system is integrally linked with a classification of foods, herbs, lifestyle, exercise that is intended to counterbalance any perceived diagnostic imbalance.
The greatest difference with Western scientific diagnosis is again that the objective of Western scientific diagnosis is to arrive at a specifically named pathology for which a drug or surgery is usually prescribed whose intent is to somehow inhibit the expression of the pathological condition. Traditional herbal medicine, aims at providing herbs and special foods whose purpose is to stimulate innate biological functions that help the body heal itself. the difference between these two systems is not really so black and white but represents a more general tendency. With alopathic herbalism, the intention is to use herbs to stop an itch, kill a virus, bacteria or yeast; with traditional herbalism herbs may also be used 'allopathically' but there is always a dominance of treating the underlying causes of imbalance.
In TCM this is expressed in the concept of supporting the Righteous chi while eliminating the evil chi. Bob flaws in his article published in American Herbalism, described the difference in TCM when he says, " Bian bing means to differentiate various named diseases and recognized pathological signs and symptoms. Bian zheng, on the other hand, means to discriminate varius professionally recognized patterns of disharmony." Since traditional diagnosis always leads to cure, there is the concept of "Tong bing yi zhi, Yi bing tong zhi -- One disease, different treatments; Different diseases, same treatment".
The fundamental difference therefore between Western and traditional diagnostic systems is the difference between "form and function." Western medicine, being more material is based on form whereas traditional medicine is more energetic and is based on function.
PULSE DIAGNOSIS
There are several similar diagnostic criteria used in traditional diagnostic systems but one of the most characteristic and enigmatic to Western practitioners is that of the pulse. Pulse diagnosis is of paramount importance in is the hallmark of a classical physician. The pulse is a direct manifestation of the circulatory energy of the body and in the hands of an expert physician, is best for describing the internal function of the body mind complex. In Tibetan culture, they use a system of pulse diagnosis that is strongly influenced by the Chinese, it is so ingrained amongst the people that upon first contact with a physician, the patient automatically holds out his arms for a pulse reading. It is expected that a qualified physician, without any further questioning, will be able to tell the patient something that is relevant to their condition. Failing to do this, patients would have no faith in the doctor's qualifications. Nevertheless, despite its high regard in traditional cultures, in dialectical materialistic TCM, the pulse is taken as being of secondary importance with interrogation being primary.
The reason, obviously, is the illusive nature and the profound experience required to accurately and effectively read the traditional pulses. While a traditional student would have confined himself to following the model of his experienced teacher, today, with the advent of publishing and communication, the study of pulses is further complicated by the different styles and ways that it is taken. This is true not only between cultural lines but even within each tradition between different schools of practitioners.
One of the most interesting statements of a highly respected Taiwan trained practitioner in the San Francisco Bay area, Michael Broffman is that the classical five phase pulse correspondences on the wrist are only the norm but that, in clinical practice, the pulse must be assessed on an individual basis with the actual organ locations on the wrist being idiosyncratic for each individual.
The idea that the meaning of the pulses in terms of their location may be different for each individual makes such a rational understanding of pulse diagnostics by a linear thought oriented Western student an almost insurmountable leap of faith.
Despite the fact that pulse diagnosis is such a distinctive aspect of TCM diagnosis, it is generally considered to be only about 40% reliable as a sole diagnostic method by most TCM practitioners. It is the experienced masters who are able to accurate physiological and lifestyle analysis based on pulse reading. Then, of course, considering that observation of the patient's complexion, voice, manner is also able to provide a great deal of information about the patient that may be either consciously or not noted by the practitioner.
Unlike other diagnostic criteria, the pulse is very reactive and reflects the most current state of the individual. The practice of taking the pulse on the radial artery of the wrist was first expounded in the "Nan Jing" or "Classic of Difficulties". Before that the pulse was taken at nine different arteries, three on the head, three on the hands and three on the legs, each reflecting the condition of the upper, middle and lower burners, respectively. The triple burner refers to the organs that are located within the upper, middle and lower parts of the body.
An old common saying concerning the difficulty of learning pulse diagnosis is: "In the mind quite certain, under the finger unsure". The idea is to unite the knowledge of pulse taking with the actual process of feeling.
Three fingers are placed on three different positions beginning at the base of the wrist with the index finger representing the upper warmer including the heart and lungs, the middle fingers over the thenar prominence indicating the liver-gall bladder on the left and the spleen-stomach on the right, the ring finger higher just proximal to the thenar prominence with the kidney-bladder on the left and the triple warmer-pericardium on the right.
Ideally the pulses are studied in the early morning taking about 15 minutes to study each wrist. The patients are should be horizontal at the level of the heart. The breath of the practitioner should be equalized and the mind stilled.
This later indication has two functions. Traditionally, without a second hand on a watch, the speed of the pulse could only be measured by counting the number of beats per normal respiration of the physician. Less than four beats per complete respiration indicates a slow pulse while more than five indicates a fast pulse.
Another reason for stilling the mind is that pulse diagnosis is a subtle intuitive art requiring an empty, open and receptive mental state. The fact is that the best pulse diagnosticians combine a balance of rational observation with intuitive thought processes. One great ancient clinician states that "The essential when watching a patient is to preserve the mind and turn the thoughts within, to quiet the breath and turn inward one's gaze, to keep the heart attentive - showing a line of fine inquiry: then one can reachthe spiritual light, search through all obscurities, and decide upon the question of life and death, without one single mistake in a thousand cases."
Most individuals are able to discern six relatively easily verifiable qualities which form the basis for pulse study. These form the basis of the eight principles which allows one to evaluate overall yin-yang homeostasis and metabolic function.
Following are the six basic pulse qualities:
WEAK OR EMPTY PULSE= an empty pulse may feel rather big but soft. The pulse may be rather big but empty on slightly stronger pressure. This type of pulse signifies deficient chi. A weak pulse can also feel thin or thready which signifies deficient blood.
FULL PULSE= this pulse feels full, big, rather hard and long. If the pulse is full and rapid it represent excess heat, if it is full and slow it indicates excess cold.
SLOW=COLD (less than four beats per complete respiration of the practitioner or less than 60 beats a minute)-- a slow and empty pulse indicates empty-cold from deficient yang, a slow and full pulse indicates full-cold from excess yin.
FAST=HEAT (more than 5 beats per respiration of the practitioner or 80 or more beats per minute) surface or floating=exterior or acute disease or in rarer cases, it will appear as floating for internal deficient conditions such as anemia, cancer or yin-wasting diseases. This pulse is felt with a light pressure of the fingers, just resting on the artery.
DEEP PULSE= This pulse requires a deeper pressure to discern. It must be felt with a heavy pressure of the fingers close to the bone. A deep and weak pulse indicates deficiency of chi and yang, a deep and full pulse indicates stagnation of chi or blood in the interior, or internal cold or heat.
FLOATING OR SUPERFICIAL PULSE= This is opposite of the previous. the pulse is felt with a light pressure of the fingers just resting on the artery. A floating pulse indicates a surface condition or in chronic disease, an exhaustion of the internal (yin) organs. A floating and fast pulse indicates surface heat while a floating, slow pulse indicates surface cold. Most often a floating pulse indicates a superficial acute condition such as a cold, cough or flu. If the pulse feels floating and slow one would prescribe warming and stimulating diaphoretics such as cayenne pepper or ginger for instance. If it is floating and fast, one might give relaxing diaphoretics such as lemon balm or catnip to relieve the external condition.
If the pulse feels weak and deficient, one would not use eliminative or strong heat clearing but rather emphasize the use of tonics. If it feels strong and full, one would prescribe some type of clearing or eliminative strategy. If it feels slow which signifies cold, one would prescribe warming and stimulating herbs; if fast, cooling and sedating remedies. If it is floating one would use some type of surface relieving diaphoretic herbs. If it is floating at the superficial level but empty at the deep level, it indicates yin deficiency and would require yin-nutritive tonics. If the pulse feel deep one would treat internal organ conditions. If deep and weak, it is a deficiency of chi and yang and would require tonics. If it is deep and full, it indicates stagnation of chi and blood and one would use emmenagogue herbs and foods that would promote blood circulation or carminative herbs that promote circulation of chi.
Ayurvedic Pulse Diagnosis
Ayurvedic medicine attempts to correlate the pulse to the tridosha or three humours. The pulse closest to the wrist which is taken by the index finger of the physician corresponds to the vata-air or nerve oriented humour, the middle position taken with the middle finger corresponds to the pitta-fire or digestive and circulatory humour; the third position taken with by the ring finger corresponds to the kapha-fluid or bodily substance humour.
The individual qualities of the pulse are described in terms of several animals. A vata or air predominant pulse is compared with the movement of a snake or leech. Usually this pulse feels faster and indicates indigestion, nervous problems, fever, etc. In Chinese medicine it might be classified as yin deficient.
A pitta or fire predominant pulse is described as resembling the jerky movement of a frog, a sparrow or a crow. Since these are generally a jerky or jumpy movement, it can indicate insomnia, diarrhea, vertigo, hypertension, heat of the skin, palms, soles and burning eyes.
A kapha or water predominant pulse is described as the movement of a swan, cock or peacock. This is generally a slow pulse and indicates the presence of phlegm coughs, a melancholic disposition, etc.
Western Pulse Diagnosis
Western medical diagnosis also recognizes various pulse indications that correlate with disease factors. For instance:
A fast pulse indicates fever or inflammation
A slow pulse indicates inaction, weak digestion,
A small or weak pulse indicates general debility and possible anemia.
There are literally dozens of other pulse indications that once were part of the medical doctors training and are seldom used today in modern clinical practice except for the speed.
AYURVEDIC MEDICINE
Like Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurvedic Medicine, the ancient, traditional medical system of India dating from around 2000 to 1500 BC, is based on an energetic model where the native constitution of the patient, diseases, herbs, foods, remedies and treatments are all classified as hot-cold, moist-dry, light-heavy, coarse-smooth, weak-strong, etc. The entire system is based on what is called Tridosha or the Three Humours. In the sense of Ayurveda, a 'dosha' means 'fault', a quality or substance that is controlled neutralized by the elusive balance of each other.
Tridosha could be considered the distinctive and founding principle of Ayurveda and is comparable in importance to Yin and Yang in TCM. It is interesting that as Ayurveda has a dual system called "shiva-shakti" as part of its philosophy it is not strongly emphasized as the Three Humours. In TCM, there is also a Three Humour diagnostic classification, probably originating from India, while it is important to the system, it is remains as only one approach to the classification of diseases and herbal treatments. The early Greco-Roman humoural system expounded by Hippocrates to Galen, is probably more closely based on the Ayurvedic model.
Ayurveda also has a Five Element model as a cornerstone of its theory. It is similar to the TCM Five Elements and to the Greco-European Four Elements although there are differences probably based on social, cultural and geographical characteristics unique to each area and society. The Chinese Five Elements are Fire, Earth, Metal, Water and Wood; the Ayurvedic Five Elements are Fire, Earth, Water, Air and Ether and the Greco-Roman is Fire, Air, Water and Earth. The differences are even less if we consider that in both the Chinese and Ayurvedic systems, Earth may not have been a distinctive element but was the center for the outer four. We may also consider that the Chinese having Metal and Wood for two of its elements is more an expression of its earth centered agrarian philosophy while Air and Ether of Ayurveda perhaps is an expression of the more spiritually centered philosophy so characteristic of ancient and modern India. In any case, the similarities of the Humoral and Elemental systems of these three great cultures, strongly suggests that there was a dynamic exchange of knowledge between all the great civilizations of the ancient world and that the knowledge of India was probably a root for all of them.
In Ayurveda, diagnosis and treatment is centered around the understanding of Tridosha or Three Humours which are: Vata or Air, Pitta or Fire and Kapha or Earth.
TRIDOSHA
Dosha Quality Physiological Action Psychological Action
Vata Subtle
Moving
Dry
Light
Cold
Rough
Quick Motor nerve functions
Sensory nerve functions
Respiration
Elimination
Movement Creativity
Energy
Activation
Pitta Hot
Light
Penetrating
Acidic
Clear Digestion
Hunger
Metabolism
Thirst
Vision Desire
Joy
Memory
Extroverted
Kaha Solid
Heavy
Oily
Immobile
Soft
Strength
Endurance Growth
Regularity
Lubrication Peace
Courage
Friendship
Generosity
Tolerance
Austerity
(Chart derived from Ayurveda: The Ancient indian Healing Art by Scott Gerson MD, Publ Element Press)
Like TCM, the Ayurvedic doctor diagnosis by evaluation of symptoms and direct sensory experience of touch (pulse and body palpation), listening (sound of voice and body sounds), observation (the body and facial appearance and tongue) and smell (body odors). A major difference between TCM and Ayurveda is that the latter places a greater emphasis on constitution while TCM at least as it is currently practiced in China and the West is more disease oriented. This difference offers the possibility of combining the two systems effectively since at least in my opinion, Ayurveda is better at constitutional analysis while TCM is better at disease diagnosis. In all cases the qualitative difference between the two lies in their ability to produce the most reliable and effective treatment result.
Ayurveda also expresses an important concept where "agni" or "life fire" eventually vitiates tridosha leading to impaired digestion. This eventually creates "Ama" which is an accumulation that begins in the GI tract and eventually congests and blocks the "srotas" or channels (roughly equivalent to the TCM meridians) involving the blood vessels, capillaries and lymphatic system. In contemporary Western thought the is roughly equivalent to hypercholesterol and/or hyperlipidemia which is considered an important predisposing condition leading to heart failure and stroke, the leading causes of death.
Ama generally burdens the system and can impair various other systems that eventually manifest as chronic diseases including gallstones, bronchitis, cancer, depression, arthritis and so forth.
Like TCM, Ayurveda posits two general types of disease: exogenous, or diseases that originate outside the body, and endogenous or diseases that are more chronic and originate inside the body. While external climatic factors are the cause of exogenous diseases such as fevers, colds and flus, Ama is the root of more endogenous diseases such as arthritis, heart disease and cancer. When Ama accumulates in the digestive tract it can be observed as a thicker than normal whitish coat on the tongue. In TCM, this is viewed as cold stagnation which being an obstruction can eventually change to heat and a variety of chronic inflammatory conditions. When it changes to heat, the coating will appear yellowish.
Ama is viewed as the very death or "harbinger of misery, the cause of disease" as described by Scott Gerson. In contrast to TCM, which views various and particular imbalances with no great overriding emphasis on one, Ama, in Ayurveda, becomes a general cause for all chronic disease. The measures used to balance the doshas and eliminate Ama in Ayurveda include lifestyle changes, dietary, herbal, physiotherapeutic and a system of profound detoxification called "Panchkarmas". "Panch", meaning "five" and "karmas" meaning "tasks" or "jobs" relates to five methods that are systematically performed over a concentrated period of time of say a month or more alternating 1. sweating, 2. oiling, 3. bleeding, 4. vomiting and 5. enema.
This is mostly unique to Ayurvedic Medicine as most of these methods are not emphasized in contemporary TCM practice although they do have some historical tradition of their use in Chinese medicine. In any case, Panchkarma is another powerful adjunct therapy that can easily be added to the practice of TCM or any other alternative healing practice with great result.
Some important Ayurvedic herbal therapies is the use of Triphala which consists of three myrobalans or fruits each having the property to regulate each of the respective Tridoshas. Thus Amla (Emblic myrobalan) regulates fire or Pitta humour, Bibhitaki (Beleric myrobalan) regulates water-earth or Kapha humous, Haritaki (Chebulic myrobalan) regulates air or Vata humour. The overall effect is to clear the entire GI tract, regulate the bowels and improve digestion and generally eliminate Ama from the GI tract. It is taken for constipation or diarrhea and as a foundation for gently detoxifying the entire body without causing and weakness or deficiencies. Guggul is another important Ayurvedic preparation made from the purified resin of the guggul plant which is closely related to myrrh. Guggul is specific for eliminating hypercholesterol and hyperlipidemia. It is indicated for all circulatory and arthritic conditions.
CONCLUSION
As the West and various countries of the world adopt various traditional systems of healing such as TCM and Ayurveda, as well as forming some diagnostic methods of their own, we will see a tendency for these various traditions to be either corrupted or enriched, depending upon one's point of view. In any case, the mutual influence between Western scientific medicine and traditional medical systems such as TCM and Ayurveda is inevitable and are being taught side by side in colleges in each of their respective countries. Just as the more holistic influence of traditional healing systems are a welcome perspective to the practice of conventional Western medicine, so also should the influence of Western scientific understanding be harmonious with the tenets of traditional medical systems.
Diagnosis will always be a challenge in every healing system. Because of this, intuition will always be a vital part of practice of any good physician. Some Western approaches such as kinesiology, radionics and in my opinion, iridology, focus more on the intuitive side of diagnosis. As with any diagnostic method, the approach used is as good as the practitioner. However, the concept of differential diagnosis, meaning to evaluate an individual from different criteria should remain important as a check and balance to lessen the possibility of error.
My approach is to evaluate all that is possible of the known and continue to extend gradually to the stages of the more intuitive level of knowing. I think it is dangerous for most practitioners to start from the intuitive or unknown to the known because at the very least, a sound intuitive judgment must be dependent on a level of inner clarity that may not always be present. In traditional systems such as pulse and tongue diagnosis there are the verifiable pulses and tongue signs and there are the less verifiable indications based on assigning individual organs or humors to areas within a half inch of each other on the radial artery of the wrist or interpreting individual areas of the tongue as belonging to specific organs of the body. Intuition is less obvious in modern today's technological Western medicine, however, the qualitative difference between one doctor and the next may be the one with the best hunch.
Dr. Michael Tierra is a California state licensed acupuncturist with a 30 year clinical practice in Santa Cruz, California. He is the author of several books including The Way of Herbs (publ by Pocket Books, a division of simon and Schuster), Planetary Herbology (publ by Lotus Press), coauthor with his wife, Lesley of a text on Chinese Herbal Medicine (publ. by Lotus Press), Magnet Healing (publ by Lotus Press). He is also the author of the East West Herb Course which is based both in the US and in the UK. Michael has an extensive line of Planetary Herb Products that are available both in the US and in the UK. Please visit Planetherbs.com.
Michael Tierra
Ba Dou - a New Twist on an Old Devil
By Al Stone, L.Ac.
Introduction
In Chinese medicine we hear the term "holistic" come up frequently. But what does that mean, exactly? Well, in the beginning, that meant that the practitioner was allegedly concerned with both the body and the mind of the patient, assuming that they were somehow related or attached like Siamese twins. What affected one, affected the other.
But that's a rather limited way of looking at holistic medicine. Holistic medicine can't stop with identifying just the body and mind as connected. We must, and many do, understand that what effects one level of our being, also effects the body, mind, emotions, spirit, soul, and beyond. One could think of these different levels of the patient as octaves. Each of these octaves get expressed in a manner consistent with its dimension.
Just as wood energy is associated with the Liver on the yin organ octave, so it is associated with the Gall Bladder on the yang organ octave. Other octaves of this note that we'll call "wood" include the color green within the visible spectrum, the spring season on the temporal plane, the sour taste on our tongues, and the ethereal soul of our minds. Different octaves of existence, all maintaining a certain degree of "woodiness."
Pathology can be understood in terms of energetic octaves as well. This is very easy to do with Chinese medicine.
Damp exists on one level as the mucoid substances that are stored in the lungs. Damp exists on another level as muddy thinking. Still, on another level damp represents the fogginess in one's life or about one's path and ultimately about one's self. It is the result of a weakened Spleen along with all of its energetic expressions or symptoms. Poor digestion on the physical level, is expressed as the inability to digest one's experiences, to understand the significance of one's life, the inability to even see themselves clearly. When you don't understand why things happen, its hard to accept them, hard to digest them. You walk around in a fog of sleepiness. Dampness. Maya.
What did Shen Nung know and when did he know it?
When Shen Nung wrote in the Ben Cao Jing that Ba Dou (Sm. Croton Tiglii) was effective for removing possessions by demonic spirits, evil ku and other evil things, he was seeing the energetics of Ba Dou, how it can resonate on different levels.
In modern English, "ghost" can mean many things. The soul of a disincarnate spirit, or vivid memories. To walk into the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles and sense the ghosts of the roller derby or professional wrestling is indicative of the emotional charge of the memory. There are no disincarnate spirits that loom about the Olympic Auditorium, and if there are, I don't think Ba Dou is the required herb. That aside, if we take one simple leap of faith and presume that Shen Nung's "spirits" or "ghosts" that can be treated by Ba Dou are more like vivid memories, then its therapeutic significance for this purpose makes ample sense. Ba Dou helps you let go of the past, let go of whatever, or whomever, you're holding on to.
This is pathology of the Metal element. The inability to let go which is the other half of bonding. Bonding and detachment from people in life is considered a function of the Metal element. As expressed in the Lungs, the inspiration and expiration are an obvious metaphor of this experience of bonding and letting go. The Large Intestine's function of being in charge of placing fecal matter into the toilet is a clear, if not a deeply metaphorical expression of that whole "letting go" experience or detachment as is the yang expression of the metal element.
Okay, I'm listening... now prove it.
Ba Dou enters the Lung, Large Intestine and Stomach meridians. It is pungent and warm. It makes you go doo-doo with such ferocity that tradition labels this herb as toxic. Apparently it makes you do your duty with such devotion simply because it is toxic.
Here, we see that Ba Dou actually enters the metal element, as well as the Large Intestine's blood brother, the foot yang ming (Stomach). The Lung attaches and detaches with each breath. And the Stomach and Large Intestine share that same relationship. The Stomach absorbs the nutrition, and the Large Intestine lets the remains go.
Ba Dou is all about letting go. It's key function is as a cathartic. That is how it expresses itself on the physical, fu organ octave. But it can also be described as a "yang metal tonic". Ba Dou tonifies the function of the yang metal organ, the Large Intestine, the letting go.
Bensky translates the literal meaning of Ba Dou to "clinging bean." Even the name of this herb suggests that it is to be used when you're clinging to something too hard. Ba Dou is translated, or at least the name is explained in the Pen Cao Kang Mu as meaning: the bean (dou) from the area of China that is known as Pa-Shu (Ba). I don't know what Bensky's source on this was.
The Ben Cao describes Ba Dou's functions as the following:
Expels poisonings caused by demons, and removes possessions by the ku and other evil things.
The ku were kind of like curses that ended up being parasites and worms that, from what I've read, resemble something from "Alien". In modern day psychology we understand that it is not the power of another that can hurt us, but our attachment to them that possesses the power for self-mutilation. This line from the Ben Cao describes Ba Dou's ability to allow you to let go of past attachments, and all the pain that was associated with them. When you are no longer attached to someone who wishes you ill will, their power is removed and you can once again associate with them, fully in control of your reactions. In other words, Ba Dou removes possessions by the ku.
It has a beneficial effect on the blood vessels, gives a good coloring to humans, and helps them to transform themselves, and to associate with demonic spirits.
Well, when you're no longer attached, you transform, there's no fear to pale the face when associating with demonic forces, or ex-wives as the case may be.
If one has been hit by the malevolent, or the heart aches and if the abdomen is swollen, and if one is constipated, he should prepare the Tuning Horse Decoction (which has the king herb of Ba Dou).
This one hardly even needs to be commented on.
In Bensky's text we see that Ba Dou exhibits the following therapeutic qualities:
Promotes the healing of abscesses that have suppurated but not yet ulcerated to accelerate the ulcerating process.
In other words, pushing out the toxins from the body. This is a uniquely metal element function, in the same way that it is the job of the Large Intestine to eliminate the body's toxins via bowel movement, and in the same way that we push out attachments to those who remain "under our skin."
This herb drives out water and reduces edema for ascites. Another purging function.
Finally, this herb is said to be effective for bursting clogged phlegm and improves the condition of the throat. Also for phlegm veiling the sensory orifices.
This is an interesting development. Suddenly, after all of that purging, we find that Ba Dou can "burst" clogged phlegm and improves the condition of the throat. That to which Bensky is likely alluding is the plum pit syndrome that follows the rapid destruction of an emotional bond. The stagnation that can follow an emotional shock seems reasonable enough, but where did this phlegm come from? From the middle jiao.
Those who have the greatest problems with letting go are those with weakened middle jiaos. They are deficient in the element of earth. They weren't weaned well. When we're born, we attach ourselves to the Stomach channel of our mothers at the breast. After a time, we develop our own stomach channels and we are weaned. Mom and dad are also in charge of emotional nutrition as well as the kind derived from food. Mom and dad's support and nurturing are required by the child because it has not yet developed the ability to provide himself or herself with their own self-esteem. Some people eventually do mature to the point of becoming emotionally self-sufficient. Many do not. For those who do not, their earth element cannot mature enough to properly nourish their metal element and an emotional neediness becomes pathological. Emotional neediness and attachment go hand in hand, just like mother and son.
Middle jiao deficiency also leads to the formation of damp and phlegm. What does damp or phlegm have to do with anything in the spiritual realms? It can be described as the inability to understand your place in the world, or your place with yourself. Hence, there follows the pathology of clinging. Pathology uniquely treated by the Clinging Bean, Ba Dou. Add to this, the fact that the phlegm slides down to veil the acuity of the orifices and you've got demons in the night, possessions by dead spirits and ku curses!
Conclusion
Clinically, I wouldn't use this herb every time someone has become overly attached to another person. If the experience is associated with constipation, then the likelihood of the application of this herb goes up. Ba Dou is a toxic herb, and there will be a cathartic reaction from the bowels. Presumably from the bowels of the patient's spirit as well..
Ba Dou, when used correctly, is good for being possessed by the spirits of the dead. Simply because it helps you let go.
Al Stone L.Ac.
California State Board Herbs and Their Formulas
Compiled by Terese Nizak L.Ac.
Here's a list compiled by Terese Nizak while a student at Emperor's College in Santa Monica, California. It's just another way of organizing your information in a manner that will help you remember all of the herbs and their functions. The list is based on the list of required formulas given out by the California Acupuncture Board.
There are most likely some mistakes here, and we encourage error reports to fix them. If you find mistakes, please report them in a note to: contact@acupuncture.com. Thanks.
HERBS IN THE 1996 STATE BOARD FORMULAS
IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PIN YIN NAME
HERBS FORMULAS
Bai Bu Zhi Sou San
Bai Guo Ding Chuan Tang
Bai Qian Zhi Sou San
Bai Shao Yao (Shao Yao) Gui Zhi Tang, Ge Gen Tang, Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang, Xiao Yao Wan, Si Ni, San, Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, Zhen Wu Tang, Si Wu Tang, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang, Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan, Wen Jing Tang, Gu Jing Wan
Bai Zhi Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Tang
Bai Zhu Xiao Yao Wan, Wu Ling San, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Tang, Zhu Wu Tang, Li Zhong Wan, Si Jun Zi Tang, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang, Gui Pi Tang, Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang, Yu Ping Feng San
Bai Zi Ren Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan
Ban Xia Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi, Er Chen Tang, Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang, Wen Dan Tang
Bian Xu Ba Zheng San
Bei Mu (Chuan) Bei Mu Gua Lou San
Bie Jia Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang
Bo He Ren Shen Bai Du San, Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang, Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Xiao Yao San, Si Ni San, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang, Yin Qiao San, Sang Ju Yin
Bu Gu Zhi Si Shen Wan
Cang Zhu Ping Wei, Yue Ju Wan, Xiao Feng San
Chai Hu Ren Shen Bai Du San, Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang, Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Sin Ni San, Xiao Yao San, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, Xiao Chai Hu Tang
Chan Tui Xiao Feng San
Che Qian Zi Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Ba Zheng San, Xiao Feng San
Bei Mu (Chuan) Bei Mu Gua Lou San
Chen Pi Ping Wei San, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San, Wu Pi San, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, Wen Dan Tang, Bao He Wan, Er Chen Tang
Chuan Bei Mu Bei Mu Gua Lou San
Chuan Jiao Da Jian Zhong Tang
Chuan Niu Xi Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin
(Niu Xi) (Du Huo Ji Sheng Tan, Xue Fu Ju Yu Tang)
Chuan Xiong Ren Shen Bai Du San, Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, Si Wu Tang, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang, Yue Ju Wan, Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang, Wen Jing Tang, Suan Zao Ren Tang
Chun Gen Pi Gu Jing Wan
Da Fu Pi Wu Pi San, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San
Da Huang Da Cheng Qi Tang, Xiao Cheng Qi Tang, Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang, Ba Zhen San, Tao He Cheng Qi Tang
Da Zao Gui Zhi Tang, Ge Gen Tang, Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang, Ping Wei San, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San, Wu Zhu Yu Tang, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang, Gui Pi Tang, Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang, Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang, Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang, Gan Mai Da Zao Tang, Si Shen Wan
Dan Dou Chi Yin Qiao
Dan Shen Tian Wan Bu Xin Dan
Dan Zhu Ye Yin Qiao San
Dang Gui Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Xiao Yao Wan, Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, Si Wu Tang, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang, Gui Pi Tang, Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang, Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang, Wen Jing Tang, Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan, Xiao Feng San
Deng Xin Cao Ba Zheng San
Di Long Xiao Huo Luo Dan
Du Huo Du Hou Ji Sheng Tang, Ren Shen Bai Du San
Du Zhong Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin
E Jiao Zhu Ling Tang, Wen Jing Tang
Fang Feng Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, Xiao Feng San, Yu Ping Feng San
Feng Mi Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan
Fu Ling Ren Shen Bai Du San, Xiao Yao Wan, Wu Ling San, Zhu Ling San, Wu Pi San, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San, Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, Zhen Wu Tang, Si Jun Zi Tang, Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, Jin Gui Shen Qi Tang, Er Chen Tang, Wen Dan Tang, Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang, Bei Mu Gua Lou San, Ban Xia Hou Po Tang, Gui Zhi Fu Ling Tang, Tian Wan Bu Xin Dan, Suan Zao Ren Tang, Bao He Wan, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang
Fu Shen Gui Pi Tang, Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin
Fu Xiao Mai Gan Mai Da Zao Tang
Fu Zi Jin Gui Shen Qi Tang, Si Ni Tang, Zhen Wu Tang
Gan Cao Ren Shen Bai Du San, Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang, Yin Qiao San, Sang Ju Yin, Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang, Ba Zheng San, Zhi Sou San, Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang, Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang, Ding Chuan Tang, Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang, Wen Jing Tang, Suan Zao Ren Tang, Gan Ma Da Zao Tang, Xiao Feng San
Gan Jiang Li Zhong Wan, Si Ni Tang, Da Jian Zhong Tang, Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang
Ge Gen Ge Gen Tang, Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang
Gou Teng Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin
Gua Lou Bei Mu Gua Lou San
Gui Ban Gu Jing Wan
Gui Zhi Ma Huang Tang, Gui Zhi Tang, Wu Ling San, Jin Gui Shen Qi Tang, Tao He Cheg Qi Tang, Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan, Wen Jing Tang, Ge Gen Tang
Hei Zhi Ma Xiao Feng San
Hong Hua Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang
Hou Po Da Cheng Qi Tang, Xiao Cheng Qi Tang, Ping Wei San, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San, Ban Xia Hou Po Tang, Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang
Hua Shi Zhu Ling San, Ba Zheng San
Huang Bai Huang Lian Jie Du Tang, Zhi Bai Di Huang Wan, Gu Jing Wan
Huang Lian Huang Lian Jie Du Tang, Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang
Huang Qi Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang, Gui Pi Tang, Yu Ping Feng San
Huang Qin Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang, Huang Lian Jie Du Tang, Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang, Ding Chuan Tang, Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin, Gu Jing Wan
Huo Xiang Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San
Jie Geng Ren Shen Bai Du San, Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang, Yin Qiao, Sang Ju Yin, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Wan, Zhi Sou San, Bei Mu Gua Lou San, Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang, Tian Wan Bu Xin Dan
Jin Yin Hua Yin Qiao San
Jing Jie Xiao Feng San, Yin Qiao San, Zhi Sou San
Jing Mi Bai Hu Tang,
Ju Hong Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang, Er Chen Tang, Zhi Sou San, Bei Mu Gua Lou San
Ju Hua Sang Ju Yin
Ku Shen Xiao Feng San
Kuan Dong Hua Ding Chuan Tang
Lai Fu Zi Bao He Wan
Lian Qiao Yin Qiao San, Sang Ju Yin, Bao He Wan
Long Dan Cao Long Dan Xie Gan Tang
Long Yan Rou Gui Pi Tang
Lu Gen Yin Qiao San, Sang Ju Yin
Ma Huang Ma Huang Tang, Ge Gen Tang, Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang, Ding Chuan Tang
Mai Men Dong Sheng Mai San, Wen Jing Tang, Tian Wan Bu Xin Dan
Mai Ya Bao He Wan
Mang Xiao Da Cheng Qi Tang, Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang, Tao He Cheng Qi Tang
Mo Yao Xiao Huo Luo Dan
Mu Dan Pi Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang, Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan, Gui Zhi Fu Ling Tang, Wen Jing Tang
Mu Tong Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Ba Zheng San, Xiao Feng San
Mu Xiang Gui Pi Tang
Niu Bang Zi Yin Qiao San, Xiao Feng San
Niu Xi Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang
(Chuan Niu Xi) (Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin)
Qian Hu Ren Shen Bai Du San, Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang
Qiang Huo Ren Shen Bai Du San, Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang
Qin Jiao Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang
Qing Hao Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang
Qu Mai Ba Zheng San
Ren Shen Ren Shen Bai Du San, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang, Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, Li Zhong Wan, Wu Zhu Yu Tang, Si Jun Zi Tang, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang, Gui Pi Tang, Sheng Mai San, Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang, Wen Jing Tang, Tian Wan Bu Xin Dan
Rou Dou Kou Si Shen Wan
Rou Gui Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang, Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang
Ru Xiang Xiao Huo Luo Dan
Sang Bai Pi Wu Pi San, Ding Chuan Tang
Sang Ji Sheng Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin
Sang Ye Sang Ju Yin
Shan Yao Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, Jin Gui Shen Qi Tang
Shan Zha Bao He Wan
Shan Zhu Yu Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, Jin Gui Shen Qi Tang
Sheng Jiang Gui Zhi Tan, Ge Geng Tang, Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Wu Zhu Yu Tang, Ping Wei San, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San, Zhen Wu Tang, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang, Gui Pi Tang, Er Chen Tang, Wen Dan Tang, Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang, Ban Xia Hou Po Tang, Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang, Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang, Wen Jing Tang, Si Shen Wan
Sheng Jiang Pi Wu Pi San
Sheng Di Huang Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang, Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang, Tian Wan Bu Xin Dan, Xiao Feng San Sheng Jiang Gui Zhi Tang, Ge Gen Tang, Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Xiao Yao Wan, Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang, Wu Pi San, Ping Wei San, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Wan, Zhen Wu Tang, Wu Zhu Yu Tang, Shi Quan Da Bu Yang, Gui Pi Tang, Er Chen Tang, Wen Dan Tang, Ban Xia Hou Po Tang, Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang, Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang, Wen Jing Tang, Si Shen Wan
Sheng Ma Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang
Shen Qu Bao He Wan, Yue Ju Wan
Shi Gao Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang, Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang, Bai Hu Tang, Xiao Feng San
Shi Jue Ming Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin
Shu Di Huang Si Wu Tang, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang, Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, Jin Gui, Shen Qi Wan
Suan Zao Ren Gui Pi Tang, Tian Wan Bu Xin Dan, Suan Zao Ren Tang
Tao Ren Tao He Cheng Qi Tang, Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang, Gui Zhi Fu Ling Tang
Tian Hua Fen Bei mu Gua Lou San
Tian Ma Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang, Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin
Tian Men Dong Tian Wan Bu Xin Dan
Tian Nan Xing Xiao Huo Luo Dan
Wu Mei Er Chen Tang
Wu Wei Zi Sheng Mai San,Tian Wan Bu Xin Dan, Si Shen Wan
Wu Zhu Yu Wu Zhu Yu Tang, Wen Jing Tang, Si Shen Wan
Xi Xin Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang
Xiang Fu Yue Ju Wan, Gu Jing Wan
Xing Ren Ma Huang Tang, Sang Ju Yin, Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang, Ding Chuan Tang
Xuan Shen Tian Wan Bu Xin Dan
Ye Jiao Teng Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin
Yi Mu Cao Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin
Yi Tang Da Jian Zhong Tang
Yuan Zhi Tian Wan Bu Xin Dan, Gui Pi Tang
Ze Xie Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Wu Ling San, Zhu Ling San, Liu Wei Di Huang Wan
Zhi Cao Wu Xiao Huo Luo Dan
Zhi Gan Cao Ma Huang Tang, Gui Zhi Tang, Ge Gen Tang, Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang, Bai Hu Tang, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Xiao Yao Wan, Si Ni San, Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang, Ping Wei San, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San, Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, Li Zhong Wan, Si Ni Tang, Si Jun Zi Tang, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang, Gui Pi Tang, Er Chen Tang, Wen Dan Tang, Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang, Tao He Cheng Qi Tang
Zhi Ke Ren Shen Bai Du San, Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang
Zhi Mu Bai Hu Tang, Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang, Suan Zao Ren Tang, Xiao Feng San
Zhi Shi Da Cheng Qi Tang, Xiao Cheng Qi Tang, Si Ni San, Wen Dan Tang Zhi Zi, Long Dan Xie Gan Tang
Zhi Zi Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin, Huang Lian Jie Du Tang, Yue Ju Wan, Ba Zheng San
Zhu Ling Wu Ling San, Zhu Ling San
Zhu Ru Wen Dan Tang, Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang
Zhu Sha Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan (Traditionally - Banned by USDA; now omitted from formula)
Zhi Cao Wu Xiao Huo Luo Dan
Zhi Chuan Wu Xiao Huo Luo Dan
Zi Su Ye Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San, Ban Xia Hou Po Tang, Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang
Zi Su Zi Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang, Ding Chuan Tang
Zi Wan Zhi Sou San
What Is Acne?
Acne is a disease that affects the skin's oil glands. The small holes in your skin (pores) connect to oil glands under the skin. These glands make an oily substance called sebum. The pores connect to the glands by a canal called a follicle. Inside the follicles, oil carries dead skin cells to the surface of the skin. A thin hair also grows through the follicle and out to the skin. When the follicle of a skin gland clogs up, a pimple grows.
Most pimples are found on the face, neck, back, chest, and shoulders. Acne is not a serious health threat but, it can cause scars.
How Does Acne Develop?
Sometimes, the hair, sebum, and skin cells clump together into a plug. The bacteria in the plug causes swelling. Then when the plug starts to break down, a pimple grows.
There are many types of pimples. The most common types are:
Whiteheads. These are pimples that stay under the surface of the skin.
Blackheads. These pimples rise to the skin's surface and look black. The black color is not from dirt.
Papules. These are small pink bumps that can be tender.
Pustules. These pimples are red at the bottom and have pus on top.
Nodules. These are large, painful, solid pimples that are deep in the skin.
Cysts. These deep, painful, pus-filled pimples can cause scars.
Who Gets Acne?
Acne is the most common skin disease. Nearly 17 million people in the United States have it. People of all races and ages get acne. But it is most common in teenagers and young adults. Nearly 85 percent of people between the ages of 12 and 24 get acne. For most people, acne goes away by age 30. But some people in their forties and fifties still get acne.
What Causes Acne?
The cause of acne is unknown. Doctors think certain factors might cause it:
The hormone increase in teenage years (this can cause the oil glands to plug up more often)
Hormone changes during pregnancy
Starting or stopping birth control pills
Heredity (if your parents had acne, you might get it, too)
Some types of medicine
Greasy makeup.
How Is Acne Treated?
Acne is treated by doctors who work with skin problems (dermatologists). Treatment tries to:
Heal pimples
Stop new pimples from forming
Prevent scarring
Help reduce the embarrassment of having acne.
Early treatment is the best way to prevent scars. Your doctor may suggest over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription drugs. Some acne medicines are put right on the skin. Other medicines are pills that you swallow. The doctor may tell you to use more than one medicine.
How Should People With Acne Care for Their Skin?
Here are some ways to care for skin if you have acne:
Clean skin gently. Use a mild cleanser in the morning, evening, and after heavy workouts. Scrubbing the skin does not stop acne. It can even make the problem worse.
Try not to touch your skin. People who squeeze, pinch, or pick their pimples can get scars or dark spots on their skin.
Shave carefully. If you shave, you can try both electric and safety razors. With safety razors, use a sharp blade. Also, it helps to soften your beard with soap and water before putting on shaving cream. Shave lightly and only when you have to.
Stay out of the sun. Many acne drugs can make people more likely to sunburn. Being in the sun a lot can also make skin wrinkle and raise the risk of skin cancer.
Choose makeup carefully. All makeup should be oil free. Look for the word "noncomedogenic" on the label. This means that the makeup will not clog up your pores. But some people still get acne even if they use these products.
What Things Can Make Acne Worse?
Some things can make acne worse:
Changing hormone levels in teenage girls and adult women 2 to 7 days before their period starts
Leaning on or rubbing the skin
Pressure from bike helmets, backpacks, or tight collars
Pollution and high humidity
Squeezing or picking at pimples
Hard scrubbing of the skin.
What Are Some Myths About the Causes of Acne?
There are many myths about what causes acne. Dirty skin and stress do not cause acne. Also, chocolate and greasy foods do not cause acne in most people.
What Research Is Being Done on Acne?
Scientists are looking at new ways to treat acne. They are:
Working on new drugs to treat acne
Looking at ways to prevent plugs
Looking at ways to stop the hormone testosterone from causing acne.
References:
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Nutritional and Herbal Therapy for Acne
The following Chinese herbal patent formulas can help treat acne: Fu Fang Zhen Zhu An Chuang Wan (a variation of Margarite Acne Pills) and Chuan Shan Jia Qu Shi Qing Du Wan.
Nutritional Therapy
Description: Skin blemishes or pimples characterize this condition. It can occur at any point throughout the lifetime and is related to a hormonal imbalance. In Chinese terminology, the lungs control the skin, and acne is commonly a condition of ‘heat’ in the lungs. Thus, the Chinese approach to this condition is to cool the heat, cleanse the lungs, and also work externally on the healing process.
Recommendations: squash, cucumbers, watermelon, winter melon, celery, carrots, cabbage, beet tops, dandelions, aloe vera, mulberry leaves and plenty of fresh fruits
Remedies: • Blend a cucumber, apply externally; leave on for twenty minutes then wash off.
• Apply plain, low fat organic yogurt; leave on for twenty minutes then wash off.
• Rub watermelon rind on the acne.
• Apply aloe vera.
• Eat watermelon or drink watermelon juice.
• Drink dandelion and beet top tea.
• Drink lukewarm water with two teaspoons of honey every morning on an empty stomach. This effectively lubricates the intestines. If one does not evacuate the intestines regularly, the toxins either end up in the liver or coming out on the skin.
Avoid: fried foods, fatty foods, spicy foods, oily foods, coffee, alcohol, sugar, smoking, stress, constipation, makeup, washing with chemicals or soap. Rather, wash with cool water. If the face is dirty, steam it with hot water to induce sweating; then wash with cold water.
References:
Dr. Maoshing Ni and Cathy McNease from the Tao of Nutrition
Acupuncture Treatment for Substance Abuse
By Turnabout A.S.A.P.
Acupuncture helps people recover from drugs and alcohol problems. It is used in clinics through the United States. Acupuncture can decrease cravings for drugs and alcohol, reduce withdrawal symptoms, relieve tension, and help people relax. Acupuncture treatments, taken enough times, clear the mind, build energy, and give a sense of well being.
According to Chinese tradition, placing acupuncture needles in the ear affect specific organs such as the liver and kidneys. Western science has confirmed that acupuncture treatments change levels of chemicals in the body and act on the nervous system. Acupuncture itself is not a substitute for therapy but is used in addition to counseling and self-help programs.
How it all began
One day in the early 1970's, H.L. Wen, MD., then the only neurosurgeon in all of South China and Hong Kong, was preparing to use electro-acupuncture as surgical analgesia and the patient, who happened to be experiencing withdrawal symptoms from opium at the time, reported his symptoms had disappeared. Wen canceled the surgery and scouted the hospital for other patients in withdrawal. He gave his pre-op procedure to them and their symptoms also ceased. Acupuncture for substance abuse was born.
Why Acupuncture for Detox?
Reduces the physical symptoms of withdrawal.
Relieves depression, anxiety, and insomnia.
Profoundly relieves withdrawal symptoms including cravings, body aches, headache, nausea, sweating, muscle cramping, etc.
The acupuncture detoxification program is an ideal partner with other programs. It alleviates withdrawal symptoms so mental and physical stability are quickly achieved. This gives a new level of comfort allowing for more effective counseling. Twelve Step program participation, or participation in any other treatment program is considered important to sobriety.
In addition, acupuncture...
Can be used safely with any other health condition.
Does not utilize other abusable, addictive drugs for treatment
Can be effectively done on an outpatient basis.
Is successfully used as a drug detoxification method at over 100 different drug treatment clinics in the United States and is also successfully used for this purpose in at least 25 other countries.
Acupuncture Treatment
Five tiny needles are placed in each ear, and then the clients rest quietly for 45 minutes. This is a good time to relax, meditate or think about changes to be made in your life. In detoxification treatment, points in the ear correspond to specific organs including the lungs, liver, kidneys and nervous system. One of the points is for relaxation. The treatment triggers the release of natural body chemicals, including endorphins, which help reduce cravings for drugs, ease withdrawal symptoms, and increase relaxation.
How Will I feel During the Treatment?
Once the needles have been placed, your ears may tingle or feel warm. Some people even fall asleep. These are normal responses. Some people say they feel very relaxed when they are having a treatment, other's don't feel much at all. Even if you don't feel much you are getting benefit from treatment. Acupuncture is most effective after a series of treatments over a period of time.
The Detoxification Process
During detoxification, your body filters out the toxins that you have been storing up. Blood circulation begins to improve. Sometimes during the detoxification period you may feel achy, not sleep well, be cranky, or even have drug dreams. Please let the acupuncturist know if you have any of these symptoms so that additional acupuncture points can be added to your treatment.
How to Receive Maximum Benefit From Treatment
Treatment time should be used to sit quietly, relax and reflect or meditate.
Do not smoke cigarettes or drink coffee in the half hour before and after treatment.
Let the acupuncturist know if you have any health problems.
Get daily acupuncture treatments for the first two weeks, then three treatments a week for several weeks, then two treatments per week for several additional weeks. Final treatments should be once a week. If relapse occurs or something stressful happens in your life, then additional treatments are recommended.
Addictive Behaviors and Drug Detoxification with Ear Acupuncture
By Terry Oleson, Ph.D.
The points listed on this page represent a small part of a large book called Auriculotherapy Manual: Chinese and Western Systems of Ear Acupuncture, 2nd Edition. To locate the points specific to these treatments, please see the following three images:
Ear Points (148k)
For images that describe the auriculotherapy points for many other conditions, please see:
Auricular Microsystem Points (200k)
Points labeled with the letter "C" belong to the Chinese system of acupoint locations.
Points labeled with the letter "F" belong to the French system of acupoint locations.
The efficacy of these systems versus the system for point location that Dr. Oleson illustrates in his book must be determined by the practitioner and the patient.
PP: means "Primary Points"
SP: means "Secondary Points"
Alcoholism:
PP: Alcoholic Point, Liver, Lung 2, Brain.C, Point Zero, Shen Men, Occiput, Forehead.
SP: Autonomic Point, Endocrine Point, Tranquilizer Point, Master Cerebral, Thirst Point, External Genitals.C, External Cenitals.F, Minor Occipital Nerve, Limbic System, Aggressivity, Master Oscillation, Anti-Depressant Point.
Drug Addiction:
PP: Lung 2, Point Zero, Shen Men, Autonomic Point, Liver, Kidney.C, Brain, Limbic System.
SP: Occiput, Adrenal Gland.C, External Genitals.C, External Genitals.F.
Nervous Drinking:
PP: Alcoholic Point, Thirst Point, Kidney.C, Brain.C, Shen Men, Nervousness.
SP: Point Zero, Endocrine Point, Thalamus Point, Master Cerebral, Master Tranquilizer.
Smoking Withdrawal:
PP: Nicotine Point, Lung 1, Lung 2, Point Zero, Shen Men, Autonomic Point, Brain.C, Limbic.
SP: Mouth, Palate.C, Palate.F, Adrenal Gland.C, Adrenal Gland.F, Aggressivity. (Treat Lung points at 80 Hz for 2 minutes.)
Weight Control:
PP: Appetite Control, Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestines, Shen Men.
SP: Point Zero, Thalamus Point, Master Sensorial, Master Cerebral, Anti-Depressant Point, Endocrine Point, Posterior Hypothalamus, Occiput. (Treat Appetite Control Point at 20 Hz for 2 minutes.)
About the Author
Terry Oleson, Ph.D. is an internationally known lecturer in the field of auriculotherapy. Receiving his Ph.D. in Psychobiology form the University of California at Irvine in 1973, he went on to do pioneering research on auriculotherapy diagnosis and auriculotherapy at the UCLA Pain Management Center in Los Angelels, California. Besides being the author of numerous scientific articles, Dr. Oleson is the Chair of the Department of Psychology and the Division of Behavior Medicine at the California Graduate Institute. Dr. Oleson also serves on the faculty of Emperor's College of Traditional Oriental Medicine and as President of the Center for Oriental Medical Research and Education (COMRE).
Auriculotherapy Manual: Chinese and Western Systems of Ear Acupuncture, is available from Health Care Alternatives, Redwing, and Helio, as well as other text suppliers. The telephone number for Health Care Alternatives is (323) 656-2084, the fax is (323) 656-2085, and the email address is hca-la@worldnet.att.net. The cost of the book is $42.00 and $3.00 for shipping. We are based in Los Angeles and ship by UPS or US Mail, depending on the preference of the buyer.
The Successful Use of Auricular Acupuncture in the Supported Withdrawal and Detoxification of Substance Abusers
By Simon Fidler
This is an edited version of an interesting and extensive report/study of the use of acupuncture in drug addiction. Copies of the full report can be obtained buy contacting the address at the end of this document.
Acupuncture has become widely available from private practitioners in the UK in recent years. Its significant rise in availability and popularity has coincided with increased interest in a number of so called 'complementary therapies' which mainly emanate from the Far East. Acupuncture is commonly considered by Western medical practitioners to have little more credibility than many other 'complementary therapies' and is often dismissed by them along with 'alternative' treatments with little or no history or proven efficacy. However, the rapid increase in acupuncture practitioners in the UK and the relatively high cost of this particular 'complementary therapy' suggests many people are convinced it should not be so readily dismissed as just another trendy and unproved form of medicine.
One of these community based services, The Gateway Clinic, is within the National Health Service and provides treatment on a drop-in basis five days a week. A wide variety of stress related conditions are addressed by the "formula" type of detoxification acupuncture provided at this Clinic (see Appendix 6.4) which is part of the West Lambeth Community Care Trust. The cost of treating an individual in this way, five times a week and with reusable needles, is only 50 pence (35 cents) per week. In addition to this stress-management acupuncture this Service also offers Chinese Herbal medicine and full body acupuncture to those considered in need of these treatments.
Acupuncture is an extremely old Chinese mode of treatment now practised all across the globe. It focuses on restricting the flow of energy in the body. By applying extremely thin needles at set places in the body, the equilibrium is restored. In 1972 Dr. H.L. Wen, a Hong Kong neurosurgeon, accidentally discovered the usefulness of acupuncture in treating drug addiction. He was treating a patient for a concussion. The patient was also known as an opium addict and Dr. Wen proposed a cingulutomy as treatment for the addiction. A cingulutomy is a prefrontal lobotomy that severs certain functions between the two frontal hemispheres. The patient was anaesthetised using acupuncture. Even before the operation began, the withdrawal symptoms were reduced and even disappeared altogether. The operation was cancelled. Every time the withdrawal symptoms occurred again, the patient was treated with acupuncture until they stopped occurring at all.
In Europe and America, acupuncture has been used since the early 70s in clinical and outpatient treatment programmes for alcohol and drug addiction. The role of acupuncture is a modest one and has not really developed much further than in Dr. Wen's practice in Hong Kong, i.e. to help patients during the withdrawal stage. Heroin addicts who come to a clinic for detoxification can chose between switching to methadone or stopping altogether with acupuncture. If they opt for acupuncture, then twice a day for three days and once a day for the next three days, thin needles are inserted in five spots in their ear and one spot on their hand, between the thumb and index finger. The points on the ear have their reflex to different bodily functions or organs. The effect of these different points is that they make people feel more relaxed, alleviate anxiety and uneasiness and reduce perspiration, intestinal cramps, watery eyes and sneezing. The excretion of toxic substances is reinforced, so the patient feels better faster.
There are no substitutes for cocaine and hashish addicts to help them stop using drugs. Acupuncture is the only alternative and most people accept it, since they feel that even if it doesn't do any good, it still can't hurt. The treatment of hashish and cocaine addicts with acupuncture is mainly focused on re-establishing an emotional equilibrium.
Although many people are sceptical about acupuncture, in general cocaine addicts turn out to be quite satisfied with it. The results with hashish addicts have been less positive. After they stopped smoking hashish, traces of THC, the active ingredient in hashish, remain in their urine for weeks, whereas within three days, the urine of cocaine users is clean. A heavy hashish smoker is apt to exhibit such symptoms as restlessness, depression and craving for quite some time. Experience has shown that this category of addicts often prematurely drop out of the clinical as well as the outpatient treatment programmes. Acupuncture is effective in reducing mood changes, irritability, insomnia and fatigue.
Auricular acupuncture has successfully been used within the county of Hampshire by the Winchester drug problem team, Highclere detoxification centre and Face to Face Dasein. All practitioners were fully trained and in some cases electro stimulation was used over a period of five years. e.g. Face to Face Dasein. Other treatments are also used to compliment the acupuncture.
Moxibustion involves stimulating acupuncture points with heat. It introduces energy into the body either by heating the needle or the skin with a moxa stick or by burning moxa directly on the skin (moxa is the dried leaves of the Herb artemisia vulgaris latiflora).
Electrostimulation enhances the effect of the needles and can be used to either stimulate or sedate. Different frequencies produce different physiological responses in the body. (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) machines can be useful in treating anxiety and pain.
Other treatments supplied and/or advice provided:
Herbal teas - detoxification or sleep
Relaxation techniques
Dietary advice - usually high C protein
Bach flower remedies
Vitamin supplements
A clients perspective
"Acupuncture has, without a shadow of a doubt helped in a great way to correct those issues, bringing back the balance in the body which has been out for so long. My personal view of myself now is completely different being more assertive, confident, less anxious, determined to do something positive with one's life. When I detoxified before I remained clean for 7/8 weeks and through that time I was timid, shy as well, thoughts of what was the point of carrying on all solved with one hit or dose. The other thing I find with seeing my acupuncturist is I see her as my therapist as well. Every time I have treatment we initially spend 5/10 minutes on talking about how I am, any problems, cravings, which after my 2 3rd session have subsided to nothing, care of addiction/endorphin points in acupuncture."
In 1973 Wen and Teo reported that a new approach to relieving the drug withdrawal syndrome and counteracting drug addiction itself, had been used in the Tung Wah and Kwong Wah Hospital in Hong Kong - 'By means of acupuncture with electrical stimulation, a form of treatment which had not been attempted before. By November, 1972, 40 drug addicts had been treated by acupuncture with electrical stimulation. The technique used involved needling the patients' ears on each side, subcutaneously for half a centimetre in the middle of the cavum conchae. The acupuncture point used is the 'lung' point on the ear. After cleansing the ear with an alcohol sponge, a sterile acupuncture needle is inserted and the needle connected to an electrical stimulator. The frequency of the current is gradually increased from 0 to 125 hertz. The intensity is increased until the patient feels the flow of current but without causing pain. The length of treatment varies in each individual but on average lasted for half an hour.
Within ten to 15 minutes the patient confirmed that the eyes, nose and mouth were dry; aching, shivering and abdominal pain were gradually disappearing; the breathing became more regular; the patient felt warm and relaxed. Of the 40 cases, 39 were discharged free of drug addiction. Within four months eight returned to have one or two repetitions of the treatment.
It was the comparison of these two groups which concerned this study. The results were the electro-acupuncture group detoxified on average for eight days, compared with the methadone group's average of 14 days. After one year's observation, it was found that 51.42% of those treated with electro-acupuncture were still drug free, while the in the methadone group on 28.57% were still drug free.
At the Lincoln Hospital, it took more than a year to build up a generally positive reputation for acupuncture among the drug addicts treated there. By 1975 many considered trying acupuncture but the habit of relying on narcotics led them to favour methadone detoxification instead. Approximately ten to 15 patients a month chose to detoxify from heroin addiction exclusively by means of acupuncture.
The Lincoln Detox Programme (USA) observed that the use of acupuncture points located in the external part of the ear gave the best results in the treatment of the opiate dependent addict. Hence, the current method adopted involving needling of the following points - 'sympathetic', 'shenmen', 'kidney', 'liver' and 'lung'.
The method the Lincoln Detox Programme used was acupuncture treatments usually given once a day to each patient. Careful selection of the acupuncture points was considered as the most important aspect of the treatments. Usually each day different points needed to be stimulated for the treatment sessions to be successful.
In 1985 research at the University of Minnesota and the Downstate Medical Centre in the United States confirmed that acupuncture substantially reduced withdrawal symptoms and the craving for drugs. A subsequent study at the Lincoln Hospital in 1988 provided further evidence of the successful use of acupuncture for the treatment of opiate dependency. Smith and Khan reported that it was the primary method of treatment for drug addiction and claimed the importance of the following functions of acupuncture:
relief of withdrawal symptoms
general relaxation and homostatis
apparent enhancement of mental and physical functioning through activating the reserve capabilities of the body
Because the ear is not considered a separate organ but closely connected to channels and zang-fu organs, it is part of the body as an organic whole. It is possible that reactions can be detected at the corresponding areas of the auricle. Further, disorders from various parts of the body, including withdrawal symptoms, can be cured by needling the corresponding auricular points.
It has been demonstrated that acupuncture stimulates the production of endorphins. . The lengthy use of opiates reduces the production of endorphins, so that as soon as the drug use stops, there is a deficiency. Acupuncture can also greatly reduce the drop out rate among alcoholics. In cocaine addicts, acupuncture appears to have a particularly strong affect on the craving.
Of the three sub-groups involved in the trial at Winchester, the benzodiazepine group appeared to respond most positively, followed by the long term methadone clients and then the heroin users. All the benzodiazepine clients had been on this medication for a decade or more and yet all achieved their objectives.
Of the methadone clients who did complete both the acupuncture treatment and detoxification process 30% have since relapsed. At the time of writing 50% of the clients that detoxified from methadone are believed to still be free of opiates.
All clients felt their acupuncturist had assessed their needs highly accurately. All stated they would recommend acupuncture to others and particularly to those detoxifying from dependency forming drugs. And 75% those starting courses of acupuncture, completed them. The usual drop out rate from residential detoxification programmes is nearer 50% during the first ten days of treatment.
Most of the medical doctors that work in partnership with the Team are now prepared to prescribe Lofexidine (Britlofix) to those detoxifying from opiates, despite the relatively high cost of this medication; approximately £80 ($120) for the two week course. Some are also prepared to prescribe naltraxone, the opiate antagonist, to those wishing to stay drug free with the assistance of this medication; costing approximately £40 ($60) a month for three to six months.
I should like to express thanks to clients and colleagues. But a sad note: The Social Services budget was financing the purchase of acupuncture. However, the Social Services Department subsequently agreed with the North and Mid Hampshire County Health Commission that the purchasing of acupuncture fell within their remit; as it is a bodily invasive therapy and commonly regarded as 'complementary' to other medical treatments. It is unfortunate that this defining of responsibility for the purchasing of acupuncture has occurred while the Health Commission is in a financial crisis and unable, therefore, to consider any new treatment expenditure whatsoever. As a consequence, the vast majority of clients have been unable to receive acupuncture whilst detoxifying or trying to remain drug free. We are currently exploring possible alternative sources of funding to enable us to continue providing this evidently effective and highly valued treatment.
Simon Fidler
Acupuncture for the Treatment of Substance Addiction
For centuries, Asian cultures have placed needles in precise locations on the body to relieve pain and treat disease. The use of acupuncture for the treatment of drug and alcohol dependency, however, is a recent development in the history of this ancient healing art.
In 1972, a Hong Kong neurosurgeon, H.L. Wen, M.D., conducted research that indicated that acupuncture could alleviate symptoms of drug withdrawal, and the modern use of acupuncture for this purpose was born. In drug addiction, exogenous opiates bond to receptor sites normally occupied by endogenous endorphins. One of the ways acupuncture may facilitate withdrawal is by activating the release of previously suppressed natural endorphins, which can then occupy the receptor sites formerly dominated by the narcotic drug. The acupuncture treatment has a naturally calming effect, improves energy and concentration, soothes irritability, and promotes restful sleep. It can also aid the natural cleansing abilities of the liver, kidneys, and lungs.
In 1974 the Lincoln Memorial Hospital in the South Bronx started the first outpatient clinic offering acudetox. In 1985, the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) was established to promote education and training in the use of this detox protocol. Acupuncture detoxification evolved rapidly and is now used effectively to relieve symptoms during detoxification, prevent relapse, and support long term recovery. Currently there are thousands of programs throughout the United States and Europe. Acudetox should be used in combination with other treatment modalities such as group counseling, Twelve Step, psychotherapy, or Social Model programs. Properly administered, acupuncture can enhance and support the program goals of virtually any traditional chemical dependency treatment, but loses much of it's efficacy when practiced in isolation.
The treatment protocol developed at Lincoln Hospital in New York, and furthered by NADA, consists of the insertion of five small sterile needles at specific sites on the skin of the outer ear. Treatments are approximately 45 minutes long and are often performed in a group setting. The treatment is painless, leaving most patients relaxed, with increased energy and mental focus, and is complemented by an herbal formula to promote relaxation and assist the body's recovery from the harmful effects of the abused substance. Although originally developed for the treatment of narcotic addiction, the use of acupuncture can effectively enhance treatment for most drugs, as well as alcohol and nicotine.
Generally, patients are treated daily for the first week, tapering gradually week by week. After one month of treatment, most patients who have been consistent with treatment are successful. Drug and alcohol treatment protocol is more lengthy, but follows a similar tapering of treatment over time. Some patients simply do not respond well to treatment in private practice, in which case a treatment center which includes acupuncture is the best option.
Stop Smoking Support Program
By Leah Martino, OMD, L.Ac.
After setting the appointment for my first smoking treatment as a new practitioner 12 years ago. I looked up the protocol. Only one paragraph outlined the treatment points and frequency of treatment. End of subject. Sound familiar?
I administered the auricular treatment, sent the patient home and hoped for the best. There were times when this treatment worked. However, my results over time didn't equal my expectations. It wasn't until I learned that acupuncture only reduces nicotine cravings that I realized I didn't really understand the role of acupuncture and hadn't been coaching my patients properly.
Later I received an announcement from James S. Olms, M.D., regarding the discovery of a new point, Tim Mee and the resulting successes for patients trying to stop smoking.
Adding that point to my protocol showed promise. Over the years I continued to gather information about smoking. Through trial and error I gained further insight and developed a comprehensive stop-smoking program that gives effective and lasting results. There are numerous smoking-cessation point formulas, all of which can be quite effective. But there is no "magic bullet" treatment that can make the detox experience disappear. A successful acupuncture program requires proper case management which includes patient preparation, patient commitment, and education about what acupuncture will and will not do.
There are five steps to the stop-smoking program I developed:
telephone consultation;
patient information;
acupuncture treatment;
herbal treatment; and
maintenance.
TELEPHONE CONSULTATION
The telephone consultation is important, so your office staff needs to be properly trained. Along with the fear of quitting smoking and the fear of acupuncture in general, it takes lots of courage for a person to make the call. This is a time you can offer hope and encouragement. You can also weed out those who are not yet ready to quit.
Speak personally to the person who wants to quit smoking. Explain that acupuncture is an effective tool to enable one to quit smoking by minimizing cravings, calming the nervous system and strengthening will power. Acupuncture can only work if the person is ready to quit and willing to commit to the process. I always mention that I've helped many people successfully quit smoking.
Explain what people can expect acupuncture to do for them. Acupuncture intercepts messages sent by the brain to the body that demand more nicotine, thereby disrupting the addictive process. It can eliminate most cravings, but not the habit. Generally the treatment reduces cravings from 20 plus to only 3-5 a day. The person's responsibility is to make it through those few cravings, which you will discuss in greater detail at the initial appointment
Outline your treatment program - how many visits, how often, cost, etc. Ask if the person is ready to quit now and would like to set an appointment.
Set a morning appointment when possible. Acupuncture works best if the person is in detox. Instruct the client to refrain from smoking upon awakening, or for at least five hours before the treatment.
PATIENT INFORMATION HANDOUT
At the initial office visit I give a handout to the patient with the following instructions:
Support Person - The decision to stop smoking can elicit uncomfortable emotions. Ask someone who is available to you in the next few weeks to act as a sounding board and provide encouragement when needed.
Affirmation - An affirmation is a positive statement repeated often to create desired changes in your life. Repeating the affirmation helps not only to remind you why you are no longer smoking but imprints a new image of health so that the body can then produce health. Examples: "I am a non-smoker. I make healthy choices in my life."
Setting Boundaries - Set up contracts with other smokers to refrain from smoking in your presence. This includes spouses. When possible stay away from smokers until you feel more confident with your nonsmoking health status.
Drink water - Research shows that dryness causes cravings. Sip water frequently throughout the day.
Refrain from drinking coffee - Research shows that coffee causes cravings and dehydrates the body.
Food choices - Eat a lot of carrots. celery and other vegetables throughout the next few days. Candies upset blood sugar level, which can aggravate smoking-withdrawal symptoms. Sugar substitutes such as NutraSweet are sweeter than sugar and cause further sugar cravings.
Managing cravings - Cravings feel like they will last forever but actually fade in two minutes. Plan what you will do during a craving. Examples: Take your herbs; repeat your affirmation; breathe deeply; walk to another place; sing a song; dance; call your support person.
ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT
During the initial treatment instruct patients to refrain from smoking or having any cigarettes in their possession. If they make it through the next 24 hours smoke-free, they have a 90% chance of being successful. I give four treatments total, two the first week, two days apart, and two follow-up appointments a week apart. I've tried many ear points and find the following points work best:
Ear points:
Shenmen-alleviates tension
Kidney- increases will power
Master Point Zero (Nogier system) returns the body to homeostatic balance
Lung 1 or 2 - relieves withdrawal symptoms
Hunger - Diminishes appetite and cravings.
Body points:
Tim Mee-located at the level of Lung 7, proximal to L.I. 5 in a depression between the tendons that make up the anatomical snuffbox. Perpendicular needle insertion.
LI 4 (Hegu) - pacifies spirit, regulates chi and blood.
Treatment Method:
Treat ear and body points on one side only, alternating sides with each visit. Using electrical stimulation, connect a positive (red) clip to ear Shen Men and negative (black) clip to hand Tim Mee, and positive (red) clip to hand LI-4 and negative (black) to ear Lung 1 or 2 using 10 Hz for 40-45 minutes. After removing the needles, apply either ear press needles or silver magrain pellets to the ear points.
HERBS
There are three areas to address for herbal support:
Lung yin tonic. Remember that dryness causes cravings.
Liver Qi stagnation.
Craving Support.
Any quality herbal products can be used. I use Seven Forest Lily 14 by ITM, similar to Ophiopogon Combination, for lung yin support. Although clients don't feel a direct effect from Lily 14, when I added it to my treatment, they reported a feeling of sustenance and "not running on empty. " I recommend a second bottle and many people continue taking it for months. Other formulas may be indicated if there is lung disease.
Ardisia 16 (Seven Forest by ITM), similar to Bupleurum Dragon Bone, helps relieve irritability and anxiety associated with detox. I instruct the client to take it three times a day for two days, then on an as-needed basis. Many people use this formula to help them through stressful situations. I believe it helps minimize relapse.
Allertox Tobacco by Apex Energetics, is a homeopathic remedy which relieves tobacco cravings. Any homeopathic formulas for smoking cessation could be helpful. I haven't used Chinese smelling herbs, but they would probably serve the same purpose.
MAINTENANCE
After the initial four treatments, the focus becomes wellness, so differential diagnosis and constitutional work is appropriate. I recommend monthly treatments for four to six months. I usually include auricular points in the treatment since patients generally look forward to the treatment that gave them results.
RECIDIVISM
No one expects a person to quit drinking alcohol by attending a few AA meetings. Quitting smoking is only the tip of the iceberg.
There are a lot of triggers that can cause relapse. Cigarettes can act as a shield to insulate uncomfortable feelings and situations. A new nonsmoker can feel vulnerable and confused when trying to handle a stressful situation. Monthly treatments provide support and bring the person back into harmony. It is not our job to provide therapy. However, we can help the client clarify feelings. If a person "slips" and smokes, question what was really at issue, and how could the person handle it differently. Relapse is often part of the process.
It is important to change the negative, failure concept in assessing what happened and how the person can use the experience to prevent the situation from occurring again. Encourage people to call immediately if necessary to get back on track. People sometimes request to try quitting wit fewer sessions, or without herbs. I remember Iris Gold's words of wisdom in her practice building seminar, "This is the way I work." I tell people, "If you follow my program you will be successful." Compromise is rarely effective.
I built some of my practice around my smoking program. I find this work to be very rewarding and beneficial for future referrals. Smoking treatments are an effective way to increase credibility of our profession and to help mainstream acupuncture into modern health care.
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Resource listings do not signify an endorsement of the products mentioned in this article. For more information, please contact:
Institute for Traditional Medcine (Lily 14, Ardisia 16) at 800-544-7504, Longherb Health Products, Inc., 800-766-5372, (Chinese smelling herbs) and Apex Energetics, 800-736-4381 (Allertox Tobacco).
Institute for Traditional Medicine Aromatic herbs as an adjunct to acupuncture stop-smoking treatment programs: Longherb Health Products, Inc. 3007 E. Washington Avenue Fairfield, IA 52556 Tel: (800) 766-5372 Allertox Tobacco, by Futureplex
Reprinted with permission form the California Journal of Oriental Medicine.
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The Root, Branch and Smell of AIDS
By Al Stone, L.Ac.
Treating AIDS is a symptomatic and systemic problem for the practitioner. But we have to extend the Chinese analogy of Ben and Biao, or Root and Branch to one more part of the tree, and that is "smell." I'm not referring to the smells that give the practitioner diagnostic information, but an ineffable cloud that hangs over a patient's life that the practitioner cannot fail to address, and that is the fear of death.
AIDS has given way to the euphemism "HIV" for two reasons. One is that there is a class of asymptomatic patients with a T-cell count above 200 whom we describe as HIV positive, but not suffering from AIDS. But there's another reason we prefer to say "HIV" instead of AIDS. Because we have decided, collectively and unconsciously, that HIV is a condition, and AIDS is an incurable disease.
AIDS is as much a medical differentiation as it is a thick dark cloud hanging over the most vulnerable place of the human psyche. Hence, when treating AIDS we have two jobs, one is to boost the immune system and provide symptomatic relief for specific manifestations of opportunistic infections, and the other service we provide is to poke a hole in that dark cloud of fear called AIDS. It requires not information found in a book, but confidence and compassion on the part of the practitioner.
We are often in a position to provide hope to those who have none. But hope is not empty words of encouragement. The more real it is within our hearts, the more of it can be provided to the patient. Qi Gong teaches that the Qi follows the Shen or energy follows our conscious intent. When our Shen touches the heart of another, their body receives Qi through this interaction. This is why sincere encouragement of the practitioner will effect the patient. Western science might call this the placebo effect. TCM calls it external Qi Gong. Some Western religions call it the Power of Love.
The placebo effect is compassion made manifest.
Guan Yin, the Buddha of compassion is sometimes shown with her hands held in a specific mudra, or meditative posture. It is interesting to note the energetic effect of this position which has the tips of the middle and ring fingers touching the tip of the thumb. The index and little fingers are extended outward. The central energetic point to this mudra is that Qi is circulated back toward yourself, and extended out at the same time. In this way, we are reminded that Compassion is loving yourself, and recognizing yourself in another.
This is why, in order to adequately treat the fears of another, we must create an honest and courageous relationship with our own mortality. Clearing away the dark cloud of the fear of death that looms above the AIDS patient must first be cleared away within the mind of the practitioner. We must all die and we must all accept the divine timing inherent within our lives. It is difficult to say who is taken from us too early and who sticks around longer than is necessary. From the Oriental philosophical outlook, we all come at exactly the perfect moment and leave with that same perfection.
AIDS, the dark cloud, is too big for any one of us to treat, not because of its size, but because of its lack of substance. It is added to everytime we turn on the television. AIDS is fear. Fear causes the Qi to descend, weakens the kidneys and saps the Wei Qi. Certainly before AIDS was an official medical syndrome, there were opportunistic infections, and that is what we as practitioners can fight with acupuncture and herbs, however it is the fear that this little retro-virus has spawned that we must also confront.
I have heard that pain is inevitable, suffering is optional. In this case, pain comes from the physical condition. The suffering comes from the fear. The needles and herbs can take away the pain, but it is up to us to remove the suffering.
And we begin with ourselves.
Al Stone, L.AC.
Spring Allergies
By Carrie Tanenbaum
For many people Spring and Summer are seasons for allergies. Allergies, or allergic rhinitis, are due to an over-reactivity of the immune system to certain allergens. During Spring and Summer, allergies are generally induced by wind-born tree, grass, or weed pollen, and can cause such symptoms as: sneezing; nasal congestion; runny nose; watery, itchy, or red eyes; headaches; fatigue; and sometimes coughing and wheezing. When allergens and antibodies react in individuals with allergic rhinitis, their nasal mucosa becomes swollen and may obstruct drainage from the sinuses causing sinusitis in many people. Thus, sinus infections are a frequent complication and consequence of allergic rhinitis.
While Spring and Summer are the seasons of the year that bring us outdoors, many people are unable to enjoy these warmer months due to uncomfortable symptoms. Chinese medicine can help bring relief of symptoms, correct imbalances of the immune system, prevent the occurrence of infection, and allow healing of tissues of the sinuses.
From a Chinese point of view, allergic rhinitis is due to a deficiency of the Lung and Kidney's Defensive-Qi systems, combined with retention of chronic "Wind" in the nose.
Allergic rhinitis often starts in early childhood, with a constitutional weakness, but it may also start later in life, with a progressive decline of Kidney-Qi. Lung and Kidney Qi Deficiency is the root of the problem, therefore, with herbal medicine and acupuncture we strengthen and nourish these organs. The manifestation of the disease is Wind invading the Lung channel in the nose. This accounts for the acute attacks. With herbs and acupuncture, we clear the Wind, reduce congestion, and open the nasal passages. It is necessary to treat both the root and the manifestation in order to produce lasting results.
The Western treatment of allergic rhinitis relies mostly on the use of antihistamine agents. Unfortunately, antihistamines only treat the manifestations of the disease and not the root. In addition, they cause side-effects such as dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, nervousness, dryness, and gastro-intestinal disturbance.
Chinese medicine offers allergy sufferers a way to strengthen their bodies and significantly reduce their symptoms, without unpleasant side effects. You do not have to spend another season living with allergies.
Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorder
By Dr. John K. Chen and Dr. Hua Long Zhang
Alzheimer's, Stroke and Parkinson's Disease
"The silent epidemic" is regarded by many as the disease of the 90's. The silent epidemic is a term which refers to neurodegenerative disorders (such as Alzheimer's disease, sequelaes of stroke & Parkinson's disease) which plagues the majority of the geriatric population but is poorly recognized by the society due to their low public visibility and their social isolation. Though neurodegenerative disorders include a vast number of illnesses, this article will attempt to focus its discussion on Alzheimer's disease, stroke sequelaes, and Parkinson's disease. This article will approach these three illnesses from the viewpoints of both Western and Oriental medicine, and will further explore treatment options specifically with acupuncture and herbal therapies.
Neurodegenerative Disorders According to Western Medicine
The fundamental principle in Western medicine is that nerve cells cannot regenerate once they die. Alzheimer's disease, sequelaes of stroke, and Parkinson's disease each involves the death and atrophy of neurons (nerve cells) in the brain. Therefore, this is no cure for neurodegenerative disorder at the present time. All available treatment options focus on symptomatic treatment only.
Though the causes may differ, patients with neurodegenerative disorders are likely to show localized to generalized atrophy of brain cells leading to compromises in both mental and physical functions. Mentally, the patients will exhibit forgetfulness, poor memory, decrease in mental capacity, emotional disturbances, poor speech, etc. Physically, the patients will exhibit partial to complete incontinence, aspiration of food particles, tremor, poor balance, muscle rigidity, muscle paralysis, etc. These decreases in mental and physical functions dramatically reduce the quality of life for the patients and increase the burden of the family and care-takers.
Neurodegenerative Disorders According to Oriental Medicine
Neurodegenerative disorders are complex with an onset that is followed by progressive deterioration. Their clinical manifestations are determined by the location and the seriousness of neurodegenerative disorders. Its pathogenesis is a mixture of deficiency and excess conditions, represented by the deficiency of kidney essence or the blocking of the brain channel by blood stasis (an excess condition) - or both.
The cause of neurodegenerative disorders lies not so much in the brain (though it is the brain that shows the symptoms) as in the kidney, which according to the theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine controls the bone and generates the marrow. From the point of view of disease differentiation through viscera and their interrelations, the root of the disease is due to the deficiency of the kidney and the bone marrow. While the blood stasis and the phlegm accumulation are considered as the symptoms, not the cause. Therefore, the keys to treating neurodegenerative disorders are to tonify the kidney, eliminate the phlegm, remove blood stasis and induce resuscitation.
Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders with Acupuncture
According to the theories of Oriental Medicine, the spirit (shen) resides within the heart and the brain. The spirit is affected by the overall mental and physical health of a person. If the spirit is damaged, both the mental and the physical functions of a person would be greatly compromised. Deterioration in mental functions may result in delirium and dementia with the decline in physical functions resembling complications of stroke. Therefore, the treatment for neurodegenerative disorders should focus on awakening up the spirit (shen), opening up the sensory orifices and stimulating the brain. Dr. Zhang's treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and stroke involves awakening the spirit (shen), opening up sensory orifices and stimulating the brain. He focuses his treatment by selecting acupuncture points from the Yin channels. The selection of points are as follows:
Selection of Main Points: neiguan (P6), renzhong (Du 26) & sanyinjiao (Sp6).
Neiguan (P6) has the function to nourish the heart, calm the spirit, and promote smooth circulation of Qi and blood. Renzhong (Du 26) opens up sensory orifices, stimulates the brain and awakens the spirit. The combination of Neiguan (P6) and Renzhong (Du 26) has been found to increase the contractile strength of the heart and the cardiac output of blood circulation to the brain. Sanyinjiao (Sp 6) is the meeting point of the three yin channels of foot. Sanyinjiao (Sp 6) nourishes the kidney as well as tonifies the essence and the marrow to improve the function of the brain.
Selection of Local points:
Jiquan (H 1), chize (Lu 5), weizhong (UB 40), and hegu (LI 4) are local points which open up the channels and collaterals and improve the circulation of Qi and blood. Jiquan (H 1), chize (Lu 5), and hegu (LI 4) are used for paralysis and tremor of the arms and the hands; and weizhong (UB 40) is used for paralysis of the legs. Fengchi (GB 20), yifeng (SJ 17), wangu (GB 12) and tianzhu (UB 10) are four excellent points which help patients who may have speech impairment or frequent aspiration of food particles leading to respiratory infections.
Shanshangdien (upper thunder point) and xiashangdien (lower thunder point) are two extraordinary points which were discovered through clinical trial and experience. These two acupuncture points are very potent and should be reserved for those patients who have partial to complete paralysis. Shanshangdien (upper thunder point) is located on the lateral side of the neck, on the same level with Adam's apple, and between the sternal head and clavicular head of m. sternocleidomastoideus. Its is three cun posterior to the Adam's apple and one cun posterior-inferior. It is located slighted inferior to Neck-Futu (L.I.18). Its indications include frozen shoulder, shoulder pain, paralysis of the arm, stiff and rigid muscle of the arm, and tremor of the hand. Xiashangdien (lower thunder point) is located in the buttock region. Xiashangdien (lower thunder point) is the posterior tip of an equalateral triangle with greater trochanter and the iliac crest as the anterior two points. It is located slightly superior to Huantiao (G.B. 30). Its indications include pain in the lower back and hip region, muscular atrophy, sciatica, pain, weakness and muscular atrophy of the lower extremities, and hemiplegia.
Needling Technique: Dr. Zhang has proposed that stroke is an excess condition and sedation is warranted. This is because stroke is characterized by the spirit trapped inside with the head with the complete or partial closure of the sensory orifices. Therefore, the overall treatment focus should be to open up the sensory orifices, release the spirit, and awaken the brain.
To achieve the maximum benefit from acupuncture, Dr. Zhang recommends slightly different location for some of the acupuncture points and their corresponding needling techniques. Both neiguan (P6) should be needled first. Insert the needle 1 to 1.5 cun, then stimulate the point for at least one minute by slightly turning the needle and moving it up and down. The healthy side should be tonified while the diseased side should be sedated. Next, needle renzhong (Du 26). Aim slightly upwards toward the top of head and stimulate strongly until the patient shows tears in his or her eyes. Stimulation should be done with quick rapid movements, a motion similar to a woodpecker drilling on trees. The third point is sangyinjiao (Sp 6). The point of insertion for sangyinjiao (Sp 6) should be moved 0.5 cun toward the dorsal side of the body (or towards kidney channel) for greater stimulation. Tonify sangyinjiao (Sp 6) by moving the needle up and down until the patient shows a "jerking motion" of the lower leg three times.
Jiquan (H1) should be needled with the patient raising his or her arm upward in the air. The point of insertion is moved 0.5 cun toward the fingers and away from the body. Jiquan H1 should be sedated by moving the needle up and down until the patient shows "jerking motion" of the arm three times. Weizhong (UB 40) may be needled with the patient lying on the back or on the stomach. Point of insertion should be moved 0.5 cun higher toward the buttocks along the UB channel. The needle should be inserted for 1 to 1.5 cun, and the point should be sedated until the leg shows "jerking motion" three times. Hegu (LI 4) should be needled obliquely with the tip of the needle pointing toward sangjian (LI 3). This point should be sedated until the index finger jerks three times. Shanshangdien (upper thunder point) should be needled perpendicularly 1 cun deep, and stimulated until there is an "electric sensation" that runs through the entire length of the arm. The needle is then withdrawn at that time. Shanshangdien (upper thunder point) should never be needled downward toward the lung as it may puncture the lung and cause pneumothorax. Lastly, xiashangdien (lower thunder point) should be needled perpendicularly 1.5-3.0 cun deep, and stimulated until there is an "electric sensation" that runs through the entire length of the leg. The needle is then withdrawn at that time.
Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders with Herbs
Dr. Zhang believes the continual use of herbs is the key to recovery for patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Through many years of experience, he has used herbs to successfully treat patients with a decrease in mental and physical functions with such symptoms as poor memory, forgetfulness, slow and delayed responses, tremor, muscular rigidity, poor balance, difficulty walking, slurred speech, tongue stiffness, involuntary salivation, frequent urination and constipation.
The herbal formula of choice is Neuro Plus (Nao Wei Kang Wan), formulated by Dr. H. Zhang after 40 years of clinical experience treating geriatric patients. It functions to tonify the kidney and its essence, regulate Qi and blood circulation, remove blood stagnation and open up the sensory orifices. Clinical applications of Neuro Plus (Nao Wei Kang Wan) include patients with different types of neurodegenerative disorders who exhibit a decrease in both mental and physical functions. In China, many patients who were previously diagnosed with dementia, Alzheimer's, stroke, or Parkinson's have benefited from taking Neuro Plus (Nao Wei Kang Wan) if they exhibited the symptoms and signs listed above.
The recommended dosage is 6 grams per day, or 4 capsules three times daily. The patients will generally begin to show improvements after two to four weeks of therapy. However, for acute type of neurodegenerative disorders such as stroke, the patient should take the herbs continuously for one month prior to making a clinical evaluation. And for chronic types of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease, the patient should take the herbs continuously for three months prior to making a clinical evaluation.
Neuro Plus (Nao Wei Kang Wan) is a patented herbal formula in Tianjing, China and is currently distributed by Evergreen in the United States. The list of ingredients is as follows: morinda (ba ji tian), eucommia (du zhong), lycium fruit (gou qi zi), polygonum (he shou wu), alpinia fruit (yi zhi ren), cuscuta (tu si zi), cornus (shan zhu yu), cordyceps (dong chong xia cao), Ginseng (ren shen), dioscorea (shan yao), astragalus (huang qi), american ginseng (xi yang shen), white atractylodes (ba zhu), poria (fu ling), pseudoginseng (san qi), crataegus (shan zha), leech (shui zhi), salvia root (dan shen), carthamus (hong hua), anteater scales (chuan shan jia), gastrodia (tian ma), tokoro (bei xie), fresh rehmannia (sheng di huang), scolopendra (wu gong), polygala (yuan zhi), acorus (shi chang pu), angelica (bai zhi), testudinis (gui ban) and cornus cervi fragments (lu jiao shuag).
Lifestyle Instructions
Instruct the patient to decrease the amount of food ingested at any meal (i.e., stop eating when approximately 80% fullness is achieved). They should lose weight if obese.
Cholesterol level should be reduced (utilize vegetable oil instead of animal oil for cooking)
They should eat more "white meat" and less "red meat."
They should consume adequate amounts of vegetables for vitamin A, B1, B2, C & E.
Fried, smoked or barbecued foods should be avoided.
They should take frequent small meals instead of 1 or 2 large meals.
They should stop smoking tobacco and avoid drinking hard liquor.
They should avoid food containing heavy metals, i.e. aluminum.
They should exercise daily and maintain a positive, hopeful outlook toward the future.
Case Studies
Case Study #1:
J.D. is an 83 year-old female who had a stroke 2 years ago. On the first visit, the patient shuffled into the clinic, sat down, and promptly fell asleep. She was unresponsive to questions. Clinical observation showed an extremely deficient and deep pulse. The tongue was pink and slightly dusky with greasy yellow-green tongue coat which was much thicker on her left side.
J.D. started taking Neuro Plus (Nao Wei Kang Wan) daily (4 capsules three times daily) and received acupuncture treatment twice weekly. The points used were P-6, SP 6, SP 9, LI 4 & LIV 3. The patient showed marked improvement. She can lift her feet, smile, and respond somewhat and stayed awake throughout the entire treatment. The patient improved rapidly at two treatments per week. Her progress slowed when she had to reduce the treatment to once per week due to financial reasons. However, she continues to improve. Her tongue coat became granular and brownish, changing over the course of treatment to a slightly-thick, more-even white, or slightly yellow coat.
After 4 months of treatments she is able to converse more normally. Her friends are happy because she can now talk with them on the phone. Treatment continues....
Case Study #2:
Kong Xiang Lin is 64 year-old retired male. The date of his first visit was on January 29, 1995. Clinical manifestations include the following signs and symptoms: poor attention span, hand tremor, stiff tongue and inability to hold a rice bowl or chop sticks, poor balance and he requires help when walking. He also has partial urinary and fecal incontinence with frequent urination. A CT scan taken on December 22, 1995 confirmed cerebral atrophy. The patient's condition dramatically improved after taking Neuro Plus (Nao Wei Kang Wan) for only 5 days. On the sixth day, the patient's hand tremors stopped. He was much more energetic. His frequency of urination decreased, and did not require assistance walking. He commented that Neuro Plus (Nao Wei Kang Wan) was like a "magic bullet" - and he said it without stuttering.
About the Authors
Dr. Hua Long Zhang is a licensed acupuncturist in Tianjing, China, where he has over 40 years of clinical experience in acupuncture and herbs. Dr. Zhang has specialized in treating geriatric illness for the past 10 years. A third-generation practitioner, he is a graduate of Tianjing University of Oriental Medicine and currently serves as the Director of Bai Lou Hospital in Tianjing, China.
John K. Chen, Ph.D., Pharm.D., OMD, L.Ac. is a recognized authority on western pharmacology and Chinese herbal medicine. He graduated from the University of Southern California (USC) School of Pharmacy and South Baylo University of Oriental Medicine. He also received extensive postgraduate training in China specializing in herbology and internal medicine.
Dr. Chen currently teaches herbal medicine at USC, Chinese herbology at South Baylo University, and western pharmacology at Yo San University and Emperor's College. He is the Chair of the Herbal Medicine Committee for the American Association of Oriental Medicine (AAOM) and an herbal consultant for the California Association of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (CAAOM).
Dr. John Chen is the president and founder of Evergreen Herbs.
Evergreen Herbs & Medical Supplies
17431 E Gale Ave.
City of Industry, CA 91748
Tel: 626-810-5530 Fax: 626-810-5534
Website: www.evherb.com Email: sales@evherb.com
© 1997 Written by Dr. John K. Chen and Dr. Hua Long Zhang. All rights reserved.
Facts About Anxiety Disorders
Most people experience feelings of anxiety before an important event such as a big exam, business presentation, or first date. Anxiety disorders, however, are illnesses that fill people's lives with overwhelming anxiety and fear that are chronic, unremitting, and can grow progressively worse. Tormented by panic attacks, obsessive thoughts, flashbacks of traumatic events, nightmares, or countless frightening physical symptoms, some people with anxiety disorders even become housebound. Fortunately, through research supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), there are effective treatments that can help.
How Common Are Anxiety Disorders?
Anxiety disorders, as a group, are the most common mental illness in America. More than 19 million American adults are affected by these debilitating illnesses each year. Children and adolescents can also develop anxiety disorders.
What Are the Different Kinds of Anxiety Disorders?
Panic Disorder—Repeated episodes of intense fear that strike often and without warning. Physical symptoms include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, abdominal distress, feelings of unreality, and fear of dying.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder—Repeated, unwanted thoughts or compulsive behaviors that seem impossible to stop or control.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder—Persistent symptoms that occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event such as rape or other criminal assault, war, child abuse, natural or human-caused disasters, or crashes. Nightmares, flashbacks, numbing of emotions, depression, and feeling angry, irritable or distracted and being easily startled are common. Family members of victims can also develop this disorder.
Phobias—Two major types of phobias are social phobia and specific phobia. People with social phobia have an overwhelming and disabling fear of scrutiny, embarrassment, or humiliation in social situations, which leads to avoidance of many potentially pleasurable and meaningful activities. People with specific phobia experience extreme, disabling, and irrational fear of something that poses little or no actual danger; the fear leads to avoidance of objects or situations and can cause people to limit their lives unnecessarily.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder—Constant, exaggerated worrisome thoughts and tension about everyday routine life events and activities, lasting at least six months. Almost always anticipating the worst even though there is little reason to expect it; accompanied by physical symptoms, such as fatigue, trembling, muscle tension, headache, or nausea.
What Are Effective Treatments for Anxiety Disorders?
Treatments have been largely developed through research conducted by NIMH and other research institutions. They help many people with anxiety disorders and often combine medication and specific types of psychotherapy.
A number of medications that were originally approved for treating depression have been found to be effective for anxiety disorders as well. Some of the newest of these antidepressants are called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Other antianxiety medications include groups of drugs called benzodiazepines and beta-blockers. If one medication is not effective, others can be tried. New medications are currently under development to treat anxiety symptoms.
Two clinically-proven effective forms of psychotherapy used to treat anxiety disorders are behavioral therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Behavioral therapy focuses on changing specific actions and uses several techniques to stop unwanted behaviors. In addition to the behavioral therapy techniques, cognitive-behavioral therapy teaches patients to understand and change their thinking patterns so they can react differently to the situations that cause them anxiety.
Do Anxiety Disorders Co-Exist with Other Physical or Mental Disorders?
It is common for an anxiety disorder to accompany depression, eating disorders, substance abuse, or another anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders can also co-exist with illnesses such as cancer or heart disease. In such instances, the accompanying disorders will also need to be treated. Before beginning any treatment, however, it is important to have a thorough medical examination to rule out other possible causes of symptoms.
References:
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Nutritional and Herbal Therapy for Anxiety
Include calcium (1,000 mg a day) and magnesium (500 mg a day) supplements to your diet. Try taking half the amount in the morning and half at night to increase better absorption of calcium. Also, take a B complex (50 to 100 mg a day, best in the morning) to decrease stress effects.
Avoid stimulating foods and drinks: caffeine, sugar, processed foods and alcohol. Avoid foods that commonly cause food sensitivities (peanuts, soy, dairy, wheat, corn, shell fish). Increase consumption of fresh vegetables and whole grains.
There are some very safe and effective Chinese herbal formulas that help decrease anxiety and help improve sleep such as Gui Pi Tang and Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan.
Kava kava can help for mild to moderate anxiety.
St. John's Wort helps with both depression and anxiety.
Passionflower is helpful for anxiety with insomnia.
Chinese Medicine for Back Pain
By Al Stone, L.Ac.
My first anatomy teacher had a doctorate in neuroanatomy. He was a chiropractor as well. It seems reasonable to assume that he understood back pain better than most. He said that a practitioner could always do well treating back pain for two reasons. One is that there is so much of it going around and the other reason was that 80% of back pain resolves on its own with or without medical intervention. This article is for the 20% whose pain has not gone away all on its own.
Back pain is commonly considered a nerve impingement syndrome. The way it works is that there's some kind of structural problem that prevents the nerves from exiting the spinal cord through the spinal vertebrae and out into the body. When there is something pinching one of these nerves as it exits the spine it causes pain. The common term for this problem is a "pinched nerve."
One way in which doctors determine if there is a nerve impingement is by having the patient lean to the right, and then to the left in order to see if that movement has any effect on the pain. If it does, then a nerve is being pinched. If that pinching can be relieved, then, presumably, the pain will go away along with it. It is important to note that this is just one way of testing for a nerve impingement syndrome. This test isn't always an end-all diagnostic tool.
While removing the obstruction to the nerve should remove the nerve pain, it doesn't always work. Surgery, which is expensive at best and dangerous at worst, may be required. Chinese medicine sees these pains as having several possible etiologies. An examination of these causes and some suggested treatments to alleviate the pain are discussed below. Perhaps you'll recognize your own situation and be able to see an acupuncturist/herbalist to help treat it.
Qi stagnation
Qi is pronounced "Chee" and is sometimes spelled Chi. This is basically the energy that circulates throughout your body. This Qi flows through a network of channels and meridians. This sounds much like our neurological system. If push came to shove, we could say that Qi stagnation is the pinched nerve syndrome. But this is not entirely accurate because acupuncture is very adept at treating this frequent cause of back pain without having any effect on the mechanics of the situation. We simply insert needles near the location of the pain and at a few other strategic locations to stimulate the movement of qi in the desired area and the pain goes away. We don't do any manipulation of the spine, perform surgery to remove a herniated disc, or perform any other invasive procedure and, yet, the pain is relieved. This begs the question - Is the nerve impingement theory the correct explanation for back pain?
While debating the cause is interesting for theorists, it does little for the sufferer. Left untreated, Qi stagnation can lead to blood stagnation, and what was a dull ache that radiates outward from the central location can become a very sharp fixed pain. Qi stagnation lower back pain is sometimes found in women who have painful periods. Again, in this case, acupuncture is the treatment of choice.
Another cause of Qi stagnation is the invasion of cold or dampness into the acupuncture channels that go up and down the spine. In Western culture we talk about catching a cold. In Chinese medicine we can also catch a damp. This damp and cold can end up in the meridians and slow the flow of Qi and cause pain. For instance, if cold or damp weather aggravates the condition, then it is likely that you've got some cold or dampness stuck in the channels of the back impeding the flow of Qi. This is actually a typical form of arthritis. A great herbal formula for this is called Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang. However, this is only appropriate if the problem is aggravated by cold or damp weather. If your diagnosis is incorrect it won't help, and may even hamper your healing. That is why it is recommended that you see a qualified acupuncturist/herbalist who can give you an accurate diagnosis.
Blood Stagnation
There are two main causes of blood stagnation; one is that there was some local trauma. This could be caused by heavy lifting, a sport's injury, or perhaps even an automobile accident. Any specific trauma to the back will give rise to what we call blood stagnation. The treatment principle is the same as the Qi stagnation. We just get the blood moving and the pain goes away. We may also choose to use some herbs to dispel the blood stasis. Blood stasis is the local inflammation, bruising, and purple thick blood that is found at the site of the trauma.
Yun Nan Bai Yao is a commonly used herbal formula that is used to heal bruising. It is sold in capsule form and powdered form. You'll want to take the capsule form if the skin isn't broken, and the powdered form sprinkled right on to the wound if there is bleeding present. For the form that comes in capsules, you'll want to be sure that is says "in capsules" on the package. The spelling on that package is slightly different. It's called "Yunnan Paiyao". Same thing inside. Its 100% San Qi or Radix pseudoginseng, an herb that has proven to be remarkably effective for bleeding and blood stagnation conditions.
The other cause of blood stagnation is a long history of Qi stagnation. The Qi is said to move the blood. Should the Qi remain stagnant for long enough, then the local body fluids that are supposed to be flowing begin to stagnate as well. We might also see some emotional component in this particular pathology - for instance, a long history of frustration, resentment or some other really bitter emotional pathology. We all get frustrated once in a while and that can give rise to the Qi stagnation type of back pain, but if it goes on for long enough it becomes more tight, compacted. In this case, the body begins to really manifest that stagnation in the form of lumps, tumors, sharp pains or other blood circulation problems. Other formulas might be better to treat this particular issue and once again, it is recommended that you consult a trained Chinese medicine herbalist who would be able to direct you to the appropriate formula.
Damp Heat
This pathology can cause radiating pain that actually circles the lower back down into the groin area. This kind of symptom may suggest some problems that would be better addressed by Western medical attention. Check with your MD and if you don't have any serious pancreas or liver pathologies, then go visit your practitioner of Chinese medicine, we have some great answers for you.
Basically; this is a back pain, normally in the lower back, that is associated with a kind of infection in the urinary tract or other area in the lower abdomen. This might be kidney stones, or this could be a bladder infection. In any case, it is often some uro-genital disorder that may include a local infection of some sort. Herbal medicine is often times employed to dry the damp and clear the heat. Herbal medicines again would be used to treat this condition, though the formula itself would be chosen based on other signs and symptoms.
Kidney Pathology
Like the damp heat problem listed above, this is not a nerve impingement syndrome but an issue that deals with the organs found beneath the skin in the lower back. Those are the kidneys. Kidney pathologies run the gambit from stones, to a deficiency of Yin or Yang in the body. Yin deficiency tends to include lower backache that is a long-term problem, six months minimum with no history of trauma. It just started hurting one day and never went away. Other symptoms of Yin deficiency include hot flashes, night sweats, tinnitus, irritability, restlessness and the feeling that your hands and feet are too hot. Acupuncture treatments would be consistent with stimulating the kidney functions and herbal medicines such as Liu Wei Di Huang Wan would be employed to treat the root cause of the pain.
A deficiency of Kidney Yang could also give rise to lower back pain. Other symptoms of Kidney Yang deficiency would be early morning diarrhea, cold hands and feet, lack of energy, pale face, hearing loss, feeling cold all the time, frequent urination, low libido.
In either case, we would seek to strengthen these most important organs to take away the lower back pain. This might take a little longer to achieve than the Qi or Blood stagnation problems. But it still responds well to treatment with acupuncture for the specific pains and herbal medicines that go a little deeper into the organs to strengthen what is weakened. Herbal medicines for this might include Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan or one of the other patent formulas designed specifically for lower back ache due to a deficiency of Kidney Yang.
Most of the herbal formulas mentioned in this article are available at pharmacies that carry pre-made Chinese medicines in pill form. Another way in which a trained Chinese medicine herbalist would use these formulas is as the base for a more complex formula. This prescription not only takes into account the things I've mentioned above, but also other signs and symptoms that you might not consider related to your back pain. An intelligently written formula will treat the root cause of the pain as well as all of its manifestations, not just the back pain alone.
Formulas written specifically for the patient tend to be a little more expensive than the pills you'll find in your local Chinatown, but they also tend to be more focused to your specific needs and often times can work better. Once a formula is written, the prescription can be filled at a Chinese herb pharmacy in the form of raw, or bulk herbs that would need to be taken home and brewed into a tea for consumption. Some of us use powdered extracts instead of raw herbs and put these extracts into capsules for easier consumption. Both are effective.
Backaches are a common pathology among people everywhere and thanks to the Westward expansion of traditional Chinese medicine, people are coming to appreciate the age old medical wisdom of the Orient. This is especially true with regard to the alleviation of back pain.
Can Cancer be Defeated by Acupuncture?
By Shmuel Halevi Ph.D.
A case history analysis originally published in the Journal of Chinese Medicine
Introduction
Cancer patients are occasionally seen in the acupuncture clinic, and some of them respond favorably either to acupuncture or herbal treatment. Most cases however, only resort to acupuncture at a late stage in their disease, and usually in despair. The majority of these patients are above fifty, and, as can be expected, in very bad shape. Partly because of this, cancer patients who benefit from treatment usually experience only a symptomatic relief, which, though very significant in some cases, is usually not a complete cure.
The following case history concerns a young man, who had come to my clinic only two months after the inception of the disease, and ten days after diagnosis. Because of the early stage of the disease, and the fact that he had not received any chemotherapy or similar treatment, his chances of recovery were significantly higher than those of the average cancer patient.
The patient, Mr. E., a 25 year old captain in the army, came to my clinic in February 1991. Two months prior to that, following a heavy blow to his face from a basketball, he had started to experience double vision and other visual disturbances. He then gradually lost sensation in his right arm, hand and leg, with marked motor disability of his right hand, and developed dizziness. In the first week of February, Mr. E. had several bouts of electrical shock like sensations throughout his entire body, after which he felt completely depleted, and his right side became virtually paralyzed. His left eye became fixed in the center of the orbit, was unable to move at all to the left, and he was only able to see blurred and double shapes. During these two months Mr. E. had series of urgent medical tests, including an M.R.I scan of the brain. Radiologists at the Wadassa hospital in Jerusalem and the Assuta hospital in Tel Aviv confirmed the existence of a brain tumor in the medulla pons area, slightly pushing onto the bottom of the fourth cerebral ventriculum. He was diagnosed as a brain cancer patient with a rather poor prognosis. Surgical procedures were not recommended due to the anatomic location of the tumor, nor, in fact, was any other treatment proposed.
The three professors who saw him did not suggest any link between the tumor and the trauma he had suffered earlier.
Clinical manifestations
Appearance: The patient looked very emaciated, thin and fragile. His right side was obviously feeble and his left eye was fixed in an unblinking, unmoving gaze. He was rather pale and frightened.
The pulse was deep, weak and slow. The middle left (Liver) position was thin and very wiry.
The tongue was very swollen, and slightly contracted. He was unable to stick it out at my request. Around the tip there were red points, and the rear portion was covered with dry, thick, yellowish moss.
Palpation: The liver was apparently enlarged (about one finger below the ribs), hard and sensitive. Zhangmen LIV-13 on the left was very tender, as well as points Juque REN-14, Zhongwan REN-12 and Fengchi GB-20.
Diagnosis: A swollen tongue that was contracted and could not be extended along with a wiry Liver pulse, suggested immediately a severe blood stagnation type of disorder. Both pulse and tongue, along with clear congealed blood symptoms (the tumor, fixed eye etc.), were in agreement with the Western diagnosis of cancer. The slow pulse, along with the obvious emaciation and slight paralysis, suggested an underlying Xu condition of Blood and Qi. His history confirmed a congenital heart problem with a murmur, and bradycardia.
It is my experience that tongue diagnosis of cancer patients is of supreme importance. A swollen, and contracted tongue shows severe damage to the general flow of Blood and Qi. Later, in more advanced stages, it is apt to change into a thin and contracted tongue, and then criss-cross cracks and/or pronounced tooth-marks appear (if they had not existed before). This is a gradual change from a Shi condition into a Xu condition, which reflects the matter-consuming nature of this disease. The patient was therefore still in the Shi stage, although quite quickly deteriorating. I was worried about the impact that this stagnation had had on his liver. At that time I was afraid of a liver origin to this tumor, in which case the prognosis would have been poorer. Yet he did not have any gastro-intestinal complications which liver cancer usually causes, which was a positive sign.
In disagreement with his Western doctors, it was my opinion that the cause of his disease was clearly his basketball accident. The heavy blow to the face tilted his head forcefully backward, causing a sudden and fierce impediment to the flow of Qi and Blood in the occipital region. His underlying condition of blood deficiency due to his congenital heart problem ("the Heart controls the blood"), did not allow the trauma focus to recover, and regain its normal free-flow of Qi and Blood. A sudden and heavy pressure of this kind usually generates heat, and being congealed within the skull, could not expand outwards, thus creating a marked area of congealed blood, possibly culminating in cancer. In addition the pressure of the tumor probably affected the nerves of his left eye, and the stagnation of Qi and Blood in his brain caused his hemiplegic symptoms.
Treatment plan
Being reluctant initially to act directly on the tumor itself, I devised a plan of first activating the Qi and Blood in the patient's right limbs. This, along with tonifying his substantial Qi, were intended to assist him in regaining his vital Qi, and to loosen the stagnation focus through the invigoration of the affected regions (i.e. right limbs and left eye). This is similar to C.V.A sequelae treatment procedures.
If this proved successful, the second step would be to act directly on the tumor focus, by means of decisive blood invigoration techniques. This procedure would be carried out, however, only after the patient had regained enough Qi, to enable him to withstand such harsh techniques.
Treatment
Right side:
Hegu L.I.-4,
Quchi L.I.-11 and
Jianyu L.I.-15 all with strong, even manipulation.
Left eye:
Qiuhou (Extra) and
Taiyang (Extra) both with even method.
Bilaterally:
Zusanli ST-36 (strongly reinforced),
Taichong LIV-3 (dispersed),
Sanyinjiao SP-6 (dispersed),
Guanyuan REN-4 and
Qihai REN-6 (reinforced).
Hegu L.I.-4, Quchi L.I.-11 and Jianyu L.1.-15 all belong to the hand Yang Ming channel which is abundant in Qi and Blood, and are used traditionally as the most potent combination to invigorate the Qi and Blood of the arm and hand. Zusanli ST-36 is probably the most powerful point on the lower limb, also belonging to the same Yang Ming channel, helping here to invigorate the circulation in the right leg, and for general tonifying purposes. The combination of Zusanli ST-36 with Guanyuan REN-4 and Qihai REN-6 is renowned for its general tonifying abilities. Taichong LIV-3 and Sanyinjiao SP-6 is also a well known combination, used to invigorate Liver Qi, and move the blood. Qiuhou (Extra) and Taiyang (Extra) were chosen to stimulate eye circulation, enhance nervous functioning, and affect the tumor by acting upon its sequelae. Thus, invigorating Qi and Blood in the hand, leg and eye, was supported by a general activating of Liver-Qi, and by tonifying and strengthening the Qi in general.
This treatment was conducted for approximately twenty days, sometimes replacing points with others of a similar nature (substituting Quchi L.I.-11 for instance, with Shousanli L.I.-10).
During these twenty days the patient's condition improved rather dramatically. His right hand gradually regained its strength, until he was able to write almost as before. His right leg improved even faster and his gait changed to normal after ten days. The problem in his left eye still remained, even though it seemed as if he was now able to move his eye a little to the left. Although there was obvious improvement in his general energy, he still became weak now and then. After twenty days we began the second phase of treatment, and for this two sets of points were chosen:
Group A:
Baihui DU-20,
Renzhong DU-26,
Fengchi GB-20,
Fengfu DU-l 6,
Dazhui DU-14,
Hegu L.I.-4 and Houxi SI-3 (alternated),
Weizhong BL-40, and Kunlun BL-60 and Shenmai BL-62 (Alternated).
Group B:
Gaohuangshu BL-43,
Dazhui DU-14,
Geshu BL-17 and
Hegu L.I.-4.
Group A was intended to invigorate Qi and Blood in the brain, by acting mainly on the Du channel. For this purpose points Baihui DU-20, Renzhong DU-26, Fengchi GB-20 and Dazhui DU-14 were selected in the vicinity of the disease focus. Houxi SI-3 and Shenmai BL-62 were needled occasionally to open the Du channel, being the master and coupled points of this channel. The Du channel enters the brain and binds all the Yang channels.
Drastic stimulation of the Yang was necessary so as to invigorate the Qi in the brain and eventually dissolve the congealed blood.
Points Hegu L.I.-4 and Kunlun BL-60 were chosen for their ability to invigorate Qi and Blood in the head. Weizhong BL-40 and Kunlun BL-60 together have a dramatic impact upon the Bladder channel, which also travels through the brain, and eventually terminates in the eye. All these points were manipulated by dispersing method, causing an upward sensation propagating to the head. Kunlun BL-60 was needled with a four inch needle, which after the arrival of Qi was directed upwards, causing a distinct sensation through the back to the occiput, and sometimes even to the eyes. After the withdrawal of the needles (and only on days when the patient felt strong enough), olive oil was spread on the back, cups were placed over Dazhui DU-14 and over Dazhu BL-11, and slid up and down the Du and Bladder channels several times until the skin reddened.
Group B points were used every other day with reinforcing technique. Points Gaohuangshu BL-43, Dazhui DU-14 and Geshu BL-17 were also cauterized with moxa on ginger several times, after which the patient would feel very strong for the next few days.
At the end of another month of almost daily treatments, the patient's left eye could move a fraction farther to the left, his general physical ability became almost normal, his pulse was dramatically regenerated (though still slow), and above all, his tongue could stick out freely, was no longer contracted, was much less swollen, and had lost its thick yellowish fur.
At this stage the patient received another M.R.I test in Assuta hospital in Tel Aviv after which it was concluded that "...in comparison to the previous inspection there is a reduction in the brain stem expansion. " As a result, Mr. E. was advised to undergo radiation therapy. I agreed to this, considering that he would be receiving acupuncture treatment in parallel with the radiation sessions. In addition, I gave the patient powdered Dang Gui Ji Xue Tang (Tangkuei and Jixuetang Decoction), which is indicated for blood problems (such as leukopenia) which may occur as a result of radiation therapy.
Apart from a negligible weakness now and then, Mr. E. withstood radiotherapy in a way that amazed his doctors. However there was no distinguishable change in his condition after the radiation, and I kept treating him as before. The treatments were now given three times a week and directed mainly to his eye problem, with the addition of points either from group A or B, according to his condition. On days when he felt weak, tonifying points and techniques were chosen. On other days group B points and points to affect his eye were utilised. In treating the patient's left eye during this phase, I usually needled points Jingming BL-1, Chenqi ST-1, Qiuhou (Extra) and Taiyang (Extra), alternately. All points were punctured deeply (1 - 2 cun), causing radiating sensations behind the eye ball. Considering that the eye problem was the only symptom he now suffered from, it was hoped that putting full impetus on the eye treatment, along with occasional group A points, would eventually resolve the problem.
In the course of one year, during which the frequency of treatment sessions markedly decreased, the patient's eye very slowly improved, until it gained its full orbital movement. Mr. E. has now resumed his previous job in the army, and comes for acupuncture, in very good health, once a month.
Conclusion
1. In the treatment of cancer it is very important to adjust the treatment approach to the patient's condition at the time of the needling session. Cancer patients have notable changes in their energy level, and the treatment has to be tailored to the state of the patient on the day of the treatment, otherwise deterioration might occur. Despite this principle, however, in order to give the treatment an orientation it is imperative to devise a treatment plan which is based on an understanding of the patient's condition and needs. I would therefore call the general treatment plan, which may be composed of several phases, a strategy. By contrast the treatment routine, given daily within the strategy frame, may be called the treatment tactics. The tactics, therefore, are based on evaluation of the cancer patient's condition before every treatment, and dictate the nature of the treatment for that day. This may include the strength of needle stimulation, the technique (whether needling, cupping, moxa), and suchlike. Confusion between the strategy of the treatment, and its tactics, might cause either a worsening of the patient's condition (which in a cancer patient could be fatal), or a disoriented treatment which can not bring about a cure.
2. Many considerations which are established principles of acupuncture treatment, have an extra emphasis while treating cancer. Life is at stake here, and the battle is fierce. In T.C.M. when a diagnosis is defined, the usual tendency is to counteract it. In cases of heat, cooling actions are taken, in cases of excess, dispersing techniques and so on. A cancer tumor usually falls within the realms of a congealed blood pattern, a situation which calls for blood invigorating techniques as the main principle of treatment. However, despite the obvious excess condition, and the basic congealed blood pattern, the patient initially received treatments aimed at benefiting the paralyzed limbs, and tonifying Blood and Qi in general. Only after the Qi was moving normally in his limbs, and his general Qi and Blood level had been raised, as evidenced by his pulse and symptoms, was the congealed blood pattern dealt with directly.
ADDENDUM
Three years after Mr. E. concluded his treatments and returned to normal life, as said above, he had a sudden relapse of the disease. The cancer had apparently become active again, and with a very quick and acute attack.
Mr. E. did not survive this time, and died.
He was a true fighter and a fine and sensitive human being. May his soul rest in peace.
About the author: Shmuel Halevi Ph.D.
Shmuel Halevi Ph.D. has practiced Chinese medicine in Israel since 1980. He studied Chinese medicine in the U.S.A and in Taiwan, and obtained his Ph.D. degree in the U.S.A.
Shmuel has written many articles concerning Chinese medicine, in the past 20 years. Most of his articles have been published in the Journal of Chinese Medicine in England. He has also contributed a case-study article to the book: "Acupuncture In Practice " (Case history insights from the west - compiled by Ted Kaptchuk and Hugh MacPherson, Churchill Livingstone 1997).
Shmuel is the author of the book: Chopsticks Acupuncture (Trafford Publishing, B.C. Canada Jan. 2003). In this book he presents a totally new self-treatment technique by chopsticks, devised especially for the lay person.
For more details please visit: http://www.acumedico.com
Shmuel Halevi Ph.D.
urinary tract infection
Urinary tract infections are a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year.
Infections of the urinary tract are common—only respiratory infections occur more often. In 1997, urinary tract infections (UTIs) accounted for about 8.3 million doctor visits.* Women are especially prone to UTIs for reasons that are poorly understood. One woman in five develops a UTI during her lifetime. UTIs in men are not so common, but they can be very serious when they do occur.
*Ambulatory Care Visits to Physician Offices, Hospital Outpatient Departments, and Emergency Departments: United States, 1997. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 13, No. 143. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services; November 1999.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The key elements in the system are the kidneys, a pair of purplish-brown organs located below the ribs toward the middle of the back. The kidneys remove excess liquid and wastes from the blood in the form of urine, keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood, and produce a hormone that aids the formation of red blood cells. Narrow tubes called ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, a triangle-shaped chamber in the lower abdomen. Urine is stored in the bladder and emptied through the urethra.
The average adult passes about a quart and a half of urine each day. The amount of urine varies, depending on the fluids and foods a person consumes. The volume formed at night is about half that formed in the daytime.
What are the causes of UTI?
Normal urine is sterile. It contains fluids, salts, and waste products, but it is free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. An infection occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from the digestive tract, cling to the opening of the urethra and begin to multiply. Most infections arise from one type of bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally lives in the colon.
In most cases, bacteria first begin growing in the urethra. An infection limited to the urethra is called urethritis. From there bacteria often move on to the bladder, causing a bladder infection (cystitis). If the infection is not treated promptly, bacteria may then go up the ureters to infect the kidneys (pyelonephritis).
Microorganisms called Chlamydia and Mycoplasma may also cause UTIs in both men and women, but these infections tend to remain limited to the urethra and reproductive system. Unlike E. coli, Chlamydia and Mycoplasma may be sexually transmitted, and infections require treatment of both partners.
The urinary system is structured in a way that helps ward off infection. The ureters and bladder normally prevent urine from backing up toward the kidneys, and the flow of urine from the bladder helps wash bacteria out of the body. In men, the prostate gland produces secretions that slow bacterial growth. In both sexes, immune defenses also prevent infection. But despite these safeguards, infections still occur.
Who is at risk?
Some people are more prone to getting a UTI than others. Any abnormality of the urinary tract that obstructs the flow of urine (a kidney stone, for example) sets the stage for an infection. An enlarged prostate gland also can slow the flow of urine, thus raising the risk of infection.
A common source of infection is catheters, or tubes, placed in the bladder. A person who cannot void or who is unconscious or critically ill often needs a catheter that stays in place for a long time. Some people, especially the elderly or those with nervous system disorders who lose bladder control, may need a catheter for life. Bacteria on the catheter can infect the bladder, so hospital staff take special care to keep the catheter sterile and remove it as soon as possible.
People with diabetes have a higher risk of a UTI because of changes in the immune system. Any disorder that suppresses the immune system raises the risk of a urinary infection.
UTIs may occur in infants who are born with abnormalities of the urinary tract, which sometimes need to be corrected with surgery. UTIs are rarely seen in boys and young men. In women, though, the rate of UTIs gradually increases with age. Scientists are not sure why women have more urinary infections than men. One factor may be that a woman's urethra is short, allowing bacteria quick access to the bladder. Also, a woman's urethral opening is near sources of bacteria from the anus and vagina. For many women, sexual intercourse seems to trigger an infection, although the reasons for this linkage are unclear.
According to several studies, women who use a diaphragm are more likely to develop a UTI than women who use other forms of birth control. Recently, researchers found that women whose partners use a condom with spermicidal foam also tend to have growth of E. coli bacteria in the vagina.
Recurrent Infections
Many women suffer from frequent UTIs. Nearly 20 percent of women who have a UTI will have another, and 30 percent of those will have yet another. Of the last group, 80 percent will have recurrences.
Usually, the latest infection stems from a strain or type of bacteria that is different from the infection before it, indicating a separate infection. (Even when several UTIs in a row are due to E. coli, slight differences in the bacteria indicate distinct infections.)
Research funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) suggests that one factor behind recurrent UTIs may be the ability of bacteria to attach to cells lining the urinary tract. A recent NIH-funded study found that bacteria formed a protective film on the inner lining of the bladder in mice. If a similar process can be demonstrated in humans, the discovery may lead to new treatments to prevent recurrent UTIs. Another line of research has indicated that women who are "non-secretors" of certain blood group antigens may be more prone to recurrent UTIs because the cells lining the vagina and urethra may allow bacteria to attach more easily. Further research will show whether this association is sound and proves useful in identifying women at high risk for UTIs.
Infections in Pregnancy
Pregnant women seem no more prone to UTIs than other women. However, when a UTI does occur, it is more likely to travel to the kidneys. According to some reports, about 2 to 4 percent of pregnant women develop a urinary infection. Scientists think that hormonal changes and shifts in the position of the urinary tract during pregnancy make it easier for bacteria to travel up the ureters to the kidneys. For this reason, many doctors recommend periodic testing of urine.
What are the symptoms of UTI?
Not everyone with a UTI has symptoms, but most people get at least some. These may include a frequent urge to urinate and a painful, burning feeling in the area of the bladder or urethra during urination. It is not unusual to feel bad all over—tired, shaky, washed out—and to feel pain even when not urinating. Often women feel an uncomfortable pressure above the pubic bone, and some men experience a fullness in the rectum. It is common for a person with a urinary infection to complain that, despite the urge to urinate, only a small amount of urine is passed. The urine itself may look milky or cloudy, even reddish if blood is present. A fever may mean that the infection has reached the kidneys. Other symptoms of a kidney infection include pain in the back or side below the ribs, nausea, or vomiting.
In children, symptoms of a urinary infection may be overlooked or attributed to another disorder. A UTI should be considered when a child or infant seems irritable, is not eating normally, has an unexplained fever that does not go away, has incontinence or loose bowels, or is not thriving. The child should be seen by a doctor if there are any questions about these symptoms, especially a change in the child's urinary pattern.
How is UTI diagnosed?
To find out whether you have a UTI, your doctor will test a sample of urine for pus and bacteria. You will be asked to give a "clean catch" urine sample by washing the genital area and collecting a "midstream" sample of urine in a sterile container. (This method of collecting urine helps prevent bacteria around the genital area from getting into the sample and confusing the test results.) Usually, the sample is sent to a laboratory, although some doctors' offices are equipped to do the testing.
In the urinalysis test, the urine is examined for white and red blood cells and bacteria. Then the bacteria are grown in a culture and tested against different antibiotics to see which drug best destroys the bacteria. This last step is called a sensitivity test.
Some microbes, like Chlamydia and Mycoplasma, can be detected only with special bacterial cultures. A doctor suspects one of these infections when a person has symptoms of a UTI and pus in the urine, but a standard culture fails to grow any bacteria.
When an infection does not clear up with treatment and is traced to the same strain of bacteria, the doctor will order a test that makes images of the urinary tract. One of these tests is an intravenous pyelogram (IVP), which gives x-ray images of the bladder, kidneys, and ureters. An opaque dye visible on x-ray film is injected into a vein, and a series of x rays is taken. The film shows an outline of the urinary tract, revealing even small changes in the structure of the tract.
If you have recurrent infections, your doctor also may recommend an ultrasound exam, which gives pictures from the echo patterns of soundwaves bounced back from internal organs. Another useful test is cystoscopy. A cystoscope is an instrument made of a hollow tube with several lenses and a light source, which allows the doctor to see inside the bladder from the urethra.
How is UTI treated?
UTIs are treated with antibacterial drugs. The choice of drug and length of treatment depend on the patient's history and the urine tests that identify the offending bacteria. The sensitivity test is especially useful in helping the doctor select the most effective drug. The drugs most often used to treat routine, uncomplicated UTIs are trimethoprim (Trimpex), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra, Cotrim), amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox, Wymox), nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin, Furadantin), and ampicillin. A class of drugs called quinolones includes four drugs approved in recent years for treating UTI. These drugs include ofloxacin (Floxin), norfloxacin (Noroxin), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), and trovafloxin (Trovan).
Often, a UTI can be cured with 1 or 2 days of treatment if the infection is not complicated by an obstruction or nervous system disorder. Still, many doctors ask their patients to take antibiotics for a week or two to ensure that the infection has been cured. Single-dose treatment is not recommended for some groups of patients, for example, those who have delayed treatment or have signs of a kidney infection, patients with diabetes or structural abnormalities, or men who have prostate infections. Longer treatment is also needed by patients with infections caused by Mycoplasma or Chlamydia, which are usually treated with tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ), or doxycycline. A followup urinalysis helps to confirm that the urinary tract is infection-free. It is important to take the full course of treatment because symptoms may disappear before the infection is fully cleared.
Severely ill patients with kidney infections may be hospitalized until they can take fluids and needed drugs on their own. Kidney infections generally require several weeks of antibiotic treatment. Researchers at the University of Washington found that 2-week therapy with TMP/SMZ was as effective as 6 weeks of treatment with the same drug in women with kidney infections that did not involve an obstruction or nervous system disorder. In such cases, kidney infections rarely lead to kidney damage or kidney failure unless they go untreated.
Various drugs are available to relieve the pain of a UTI. A heating pad may also help. Most doctors suggest that drinking plenty of water helps cleanse the urinary tract of bacteria. During treatment, it is best to avoid coffee, alcohol, and spicy foods. And one of the best things a smoker can do for his or her bladder is to quit smoking. Smoking is the major known cause of bladder cancer.
Doctors suggest some additional steps that a woman can take on her own to avoid an infection:
Drink plenty of water every day.
Urinate when you feel the need; don't resist the urge to urinate.
Wipe from front to back to prevent bacteria around the anus from entering the vagina or urethra.
Take showers instead of tub baths.
Cleanse the genital area before sexual intercourse.
Avoid using feminine hygiene sprays and scented douches, which may irritate the urethra.
Some doctors suggest drinking cranberry juice.
Infections in Pregnancy
A pregnant woman who develops a UTI should be treated promptly to avoid premature delivery of her baby and other risks such as high blood pressure. Some antibiotics are not safe to take during pregnancy. In selecting the best treatments, doctors consider various factors such as the drug's effectiveness, the stage of pregnancy, the mother's health, and potential effects on the fetus.
Complicated Infections
Curing infections that stem from a urinary obstruction or nervous system disorder depends on finding and correcting the underlying problem, sometimes with surgery. If the root cause goes untreated, this group of patients is at risk of kidney damage. Also, such infections tend to arise from a wider range of bacteria, and sometimes from more than one type of bacteria at a time.
Infections in Men
UTIs in men usually stem from an obstruction—for example, a urinary stone or enlarged prostate—or from a medical procedure involving a catheter. The first step is to identify the infecting organism and the drugs to which it is sensitive. Usually, doctors recommend lengthier therapy in men than in women, in part to prevent infections of the prostate gland.
Prostate infections (chronic bacterial prostatitis) are harder to cure because antibiotics are unable to penetrate infected prostate tissue effectively. For this reason, men with prostatitis often need long-term treatment with a carefully selected antibiotic. UTIs in older men are frequently associated with acute bacterial prostatitis, which can be fatal if not treated immediately.
Is there a vaccine to prevent recurrent UTIs?
In the future, scientists may develop a vaccine that can prevent UTIs from coming back. Researchers in different studies have found that children and women who tend to get UTIs repeatedly are likely to lack proteins called immunoglobulins, which fight infection. Children and women who do not get UTIs are more likely to have normal levels of immunoglobulins in their genital and urinary tracts.
Early tests indicate that a vaccine helps patients build up their own natural infection-fighting powers. The dead bacteria in the vaccine do not spread like an infection; instead, they prompt the body to produce antibodies that can later fight against live organisms. Researchers are testing injected and oral vaccines to see which works best. Another method being considered for women is to apply the vaccine directly as a suppository in the vagina.
References:
National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse
3 Information Way
Bethesda, MD 20892–3580
Nutritional and Herbal Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections
Drink plenty of water and caffeine-free herbal teas. Avoid sweetened drinks.
Drink unsweetened cranberry juice. Cranberries acidify the urine which inhibits bacteria from adhering to the urinary tract.
Vitamin C (250 to 500 mg twice a day) also acidifies urine and it boosts immunity.
Zinc (30 to 50 mg a day) increases immunity.
Acidophilus is important to take if you are taking antibiotics. Not only does antibiotics kill bad bacteria but it also kills the good and vital bacterial flora in your digestive tract. Taking acidophilus helps replenish your body's flora. Plain yogurt is a good source.
The Tao of Nutrition recommends drinking plenty of cornsilk tea (which is readily available at your local health food store).
References:
Tao of Nutrition, by Maoshing Ni, Ph.D., C.A., and Cathy McNease, B.S., M.H.
hemorrhoids
What are hemorrhoids?
The term hemorrhoids refers to a condition in which the veins around the anus or lower rectum are swollen and inflamed.
Hemorrhoids may result from straining to move stool. Other contributing factors include pregnancy, aging, chronic constipation or diarrhea, and anal intercourse.
Hemorrhoids are either inside the anus (internal) or under the skin around the anus (external).
What are the symptoms of hemorrhoids?
Many anorectal problems, including fissures, fistulae, abscesses, or irritation and itching (pruritus ani), have similar symptoms and are incorrectly referred to as hemorrhoids.
Hemorrhoids usually are not dangerous or life threatening. In most cases, hemorrhoidal symptoms will go away within a few days.
Although many people have hemorrhoids, not all experience symptoms. The most common symptom of internal hemorrhoids is bright red blood covering the stool, on toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl. However, an internal hemorrhoid may protrude through the anus outside the body, becoming irritated and painful. This is known as a protruding hemorrhoid.
Symptoms of external hemorrhoids may include painful swelling or a hard lump around the anus that results when a blood clot forms. This condition is known as a thrombosed external hemorrhoid.
In addition, excessive straining, rubbing, or cleaning around the anus may cause irritation with bleeding and/or itching, which may produce a vicious cycle of symptoms. Draining mucus may also cause itching.
How common are hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids are very common in both men and women. About half of the population have hemorrhoids by age 50. Hemorrhoids are also common among pregnant women. The pressure of the fetus in the abdomen, as well as hormonal changes, cause the hemorrhoidal vessels to enlarge. These vessels are also placed under severe pressure during childbirth. For most women, however, hemorrhoids caused by pregnancy are a temporary problem.
How are hemorrhoids diagnosed?
A thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis by the doctor is important any time bleeding from the rectum or blood in the stool occurs. Bleeding may also be a symptom of other digestive diseases, including colorectal cancer.
The doctor will examine the anus and rectum to look for swollen blood vessels that indicate hemorrhoids and will also perform a digital rectal exam with a gloved, lubricated finger to feel for abnormalities.
Closer evaluation of the rectum for hemorrhoids requires an exam with an anoscope, a hollow, lighted tube useful for viewing internal hemorrhoids, or a proctoscope, useful for more completely examining the entire rectum.
To rule out other causes of gastrointestinal bleeding, the doctor may examine the rectum and lower colon (sigmoid) with sigmoidoscopy or the entire colon with colonoscopy. Sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy are diagnostic procedures that also involve the use of lighted, flexible tubes inserted through the rectum.
What is the treatment?
Medical treatment of hemorrhoids is aimed initially at relieving symptoms. Measures to reduce symptoms include
tub baths several times a day in plain, warm water for about 10 minutes
application of a hemorroidal cream or suppository to the affected area for a limited time
Illustration reprinted with permission from the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Artist: Russell K. Pearl, M.D.
Preventing the recurrence of hemorrhoids will require relieving the pressure and straining of constipation. Doctors will often recommend increasing fiber and fluids in the diet. Eating the right amount of fiber and drinking six to eight glasses of fluid (not alcohol) result in softer, bulkier stools. A softer stool makes emptying the bowels easier and lessens the pressure on hemorrhoids caused by straining. Eliminating straining also helps prevent the hemorrhoids from protruding.
Good sources of fiber are fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. In addition, doctors may suggest a bulk stool softener or a fiber supplement such as psyllium (Metamucil) or methylcellulose (Citrucel).
In some cases, hemorrhoids must be treated endoscopically or surgically. These methods are used to shrink and destroy the hemorrhoidal tissue. The doctor will perform the procedure during an office or hospital visit.
A number of methods may be used to remove or reduce the size of internal hemorrhoids. These techniques include
Rubber band ligation. A rubber band is placed around the base of the hemorrhoid inside the rectum. The band cuts off circulation, and the hemorrhoid withers away within a few days.
Sclerotherapy. A chemical solution is injected around the blood vessel to shrink the hemorrhoid.
Infrared coagulation. A special device is used to burn hemorrhoidal tissue.
Hemorrhoidectomy. Occasionally, extensive or severe internal or external hemorrhoids may require removal by surgery known as hemorrhoidectomy.
How are hemorrhoids prevented?
The best way to prevent hemorrhoids is to keep stools soft so they pass easily, thus decreasing pressure and straining, and to empty bowels as soon as possible after the urge occurs. Exercise, including walking, and increased fiber in the diet help reduce constipation and straining by producing stools that are softer and easier to pass.
The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this document are used only because they are considered necessary in the context of the information provided. If a product is not mentioned, the omission does not mean or imply that the product is unsatisfactory.
References:
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Nutritional and Herbal Therapy for Hemorrhoids
Fiber, especially insoluble fiber, is extremely important in creating regular bowel movements and easy elimination. Some sources include wheat bran and psyllium husks.
Drink plenty of water, 6-8 glasses a day, especially if you have increased your fiber intake.
Vitamin C is good for the integrity of your veins. It helps keep their tone.
Flavonoids and anthocyanins strengthen veins. Some sources of flavonoids include lemons, limes, apples, tomatoes, onions and carrots. Some sources of anthocyanins include dark, red berries, blueberries, cherries, grapes and red cabbage.
According to the Tao of Nutrition, one natural food remedy for hemorrhoids is eating a banana on an empty stomach everyday. For bleeding hemorrhoids, eat three bananas daily. Another food remedy is eating steamed dried persimmons.
A Chinese herbal ointment, Fel Ursi Hemorrhoid Ointment (Xiong Dan Zhi Chuang Gao) is excellent for shrinking hemorrhoids and relieving symptoms.
References:
Tao of Nutrition, by Maoshing Ni, Ph.D., C.A., and Cathy McNease,
Are Menstrual Cramps Normal?
There are many symptoms that accompany menstruation. Normal menstruation usually has a regular cyclicity, a consistent flow pattern, and a minimal amount of clots. Travel, stress, trauma, and dietary changes can all alter the menstrual cycle. These alterations should be temporary and any persistent change should prompt you to have your body evaluated. On the other hand, how your menstruation is changed can alert you to how your body is reacting to stress.
Some discomfort associated with the onset of menstruation is normal. Pains that are increasing or require pain medications are not normal and need to be evaluated. Especially in teens whose menarche and subsequent menses are irregular or painful, this may indicate an underlying problem such as endometriosis. By first prescribing oral contraceptives for this condition without addressing the underlying imbalance - the inflammatory activity - the problem may persist even years after initial onset. This may also affect fertility when planning a family later in life. Other reasons for painful menstruation can be infection, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, IUD usage, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and uterine fibroids. Chinese Medicine believes that when we experience pain, the body is trying to communicate to us an imbalance needing treatment or care. The approach to treating pelvic menstrual pain needs to be a natural and holistic one. This means we need to not only address the pain and associated symptoms, but we also need to address the underlying cause. By identifying the nature of the condition, appropriate acupuncture treatment or herbal remedies can be administered to address the condition as a whole. The key to successful eradication of menstrual pains and associated symptoms is to treat the condition early on.
Depression and the Five Elements
By Stephanie Schneider-Guild, L.Ac.
At the turn of the century, health care seems to have come light years from the days of leeches, country-side doctors and a lack of remedies for ailments such as polio, rubella and the German measles. Yet, the world of medicine finds itself in an enormous quagmire because mere survival in the fast-paced modern world requires a step back into the shadows of time where the magical healing powers of nature and traditional medicine reside. One of the predominant manifestations of present day life lies in the emotional/psychological realm resulting in depressions, anxieties, and all sorts of other related dilemmas. The focus of this article, however, will implement the theories and principles of Traditional Chinese medicine in diagnosing, differentiating and treating depression in accordance with the five elements.
In order to gain clear insight into the many multi-faceted aspects of depression, it is crucial to look at it from every perspective. Therefore. it is vital to glimpse into the world of western medicine to provide one model regarding the complexity of the human mind. and its functioning.
According to many western medical resources. depression may be the response of the body to an overwhelming and constant stress that seems to the patient to be insurmountable. This stress could be life experiences, food or nutritional deficiencies or excesses, allergies to environmental factors, and numerous other so-called stressors. Regardless of the etiology of the depression, the majority of western MDs diagnose the patient's condition as a depression. The symptomology must be rather significant. Among symptoms falling into the category of a depressive illness, there must be at least five of the following symptoms for a period of at least two weeks. These symptoms are:
Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
Markedly diminished interest in pleasure in almost all activities most of the day, every day
Significant weight loss or weight gain without dieting, or major changes in appetite or eating habits
Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly everyday
Psychomotor agitation or retardation (anxiety or lack of desire to do any thing)
Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
Feelings of worthlessness, guilt, desperation, and psychic pain that are ongoing
Inability to think or concentrate; indecisiveness daily
Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide, or a specific plan or attempt of suicide
The symptoms cause significant distress or impair social, occupational, or other important functions. In sever cases, hallucinations and delusions may occur, perhaps as a result of the emotional overload. In any case, once the diagnosis has been made, the treatment method is generally very similar from patient to patient. Usually, anti-depressive medications, of which there are many, are administered, and often it takes up to six weeks for the medications to take effect. In many cases, these medications are a saving grace, but in the case of the suicidal depressive, extra measures must be taken to assure that the patient maintains his or her integrity. The general consensus in the western model is that these treatments be accompanied by psychological counseling in order to rebalance and rebuild the person's inner world. Currently, there is a great deal of research and medical attention regarding depressive illnesses. and a significant branch of western MDs are turning to megavitamin therapies. aminoacid. and nutritional therapies as alternatives to drugs. In the not-so-distant future, it seems the trend is coming back home... to nature and its innate wisdom.
Chinese medicine is perhaps one of the foremost therapeutic avenues that invites nature to assist in the rebalancing of the human organism. Since humankind functions on so many levels, from spiritual, to physical, to emotional, each of these strata need be addressed. The somewhat magical art of Traditional Chinese Medicine works beautifully at uniting body-mind-spirit, so that harmony may again be achieved. This is not to say that TCM is a wonder cure because in some in some cases, it may even be ineffective. in which case there are other options and modalities of treatment, from western medicine to Indian or homeopathic medicine. The point is: other options exist, and should not be ruled out.
In TCM alone, there are many approaches to the same problem. The scope of this article is on the five elements and their significance in diagnosing and treating depression. Each element encompasses a symptomological picture that varies from the others. Becoming aware that a patient is depressed does not suffice. It is important to understand and address the individual and unique manifestations of that person's depression. The five elements provide a clear and interesting framework in which many cases of depressive illness can fit, be diagnosed and treated. For the sake of clarity, this article will present each element and its unique manifestations, without addressing the interactions of the elements. Although elemental interdependence is fundamental to the five element theory, it is the goal of this article to highlight the differences among the elements in order to present a clear theoretical model. It should be understood that cases of purely Wood-element depression, for example. would be rare. Usually there is a combination of elements in the same person, which will hopefully become more decipherable through deeper understanding of each element.
The Wood Element
When considering the Wood element, one thinks of the obvious characteristics such as Spring, Wind, Eyes, Tears, Shouting, Anger, Sour, etc. However, there are also more subtle features pertaining to this element that are less obvious, but can be of great value when determining a person's elemental predominance. For example, some of the traits of a Wood case of depression could be that the patient has a great deal of difficulty relaxing or being at ease, that they want to control everything and fall into depression when defeated, and they have a stormy type of personality that is prone to many moods. The Wood personality can be arrogant, confident, aggressive, confrontational, driven and eager. They can be very demanding of themselves and others. and can easily be disappointed at which point they may fall into the clutches of a darkness known as depression. Usually this type of depression has a great well of repressed anger, disappointment, and frustration brewing underneath the surface. The primary issue is control in the Wood cases. As far as their appearance, a Wood type may present with a reddish facial skin tone, reddish eyes, and disgruntled look. Wood types are usually rather tall and slender.
The Fire Element
The Fire type, on the other hand, has quite different features than those of Wood. A Fire element depression most often has to do with relationships and "heartbreak." Most frequently, Fire types feel let-down or disillusioned by love. Their depressions are usually of a cyclical nature in that they get over one heartbreak, and then move on to the next. Their depressions can be quite severe, and they can often become suicidal due to their impulsive, and "living on the edge" character type. Fire predominance includes symptoms of anxiety, chest pains, nightmares of a vivid nature, and a lack of laughter and the ability to feel joyous. Depressive episodes readily deplete heart qi, and can cause the usual Fire related symptoms of palpitations, shortness of breath, mental confusion (due to the heart's relationship to the Shen or cognitive functioning of the individual), and listlessness. Since all emotions have an influence on the heart, the Fire element can transmit imbalances that stem from other organ or emotional disturbances. Yet. in those cases there would be a mixed symptomological picture. As far as appearance is concerned, the Fire types tend to have a reddish face with a rather pointy chin. Their hair tends to be curly, and when in balance they tend to move quickly and to frequently be in a rush. When depressed, however, they tend to feel unmotivated and unable to appreciate the beauty of life that they usually thrive on. Paradoxically, their strong point is also their weak point in that Fire types lean towards vigorous and healthy blood and blood vessels when well, but can easily become depleted in this area when out of balance. Since the heart rules the blood. Fire predominance can lend itself to a host of blood related and mental problems when the individual succumbs to stress and relational pressures.
The Earth Element
The Earth element would encompass its typically characteristic digestive imbalances. However, in depressive episodes, Earth types tend towards significant changes in their eating habits. Some will have no appetite whatsoever, whereas others become ravenous and try to eat in order to fill the dark emptiness inside. It appears to be a way of seeking warmth and comfort. When depressed, Earth elementers become unmovable, perhaps because they have a tendency towards dampness. At any rate, they virtually sink into their depressions and become heavy and unmotivated. The Earth element's energies contribute greatly to the human affect of centeredness, being grounded, peace, calm and compassion. In adversity, the serenity of this element becomes distorted into listlessness, obsessive worry, over concern and their sense of self strongly diminishes as they lose their usual propensity to being grounded.
The Earth element's physical characteristics are unique, and usually quite detectable. They tend to be stockier, more portly, and generally move more slowly than most of the other elements. They often have round faces, and appear rather jovial when in balance. An interesting note is that their body shapes can alter significantly when under the duress of depressive illness. They may fluctuate in weight, depending on their individual tendency to either halt or greatly increase their food intake. A major clue in recognizing Earth element cases is their oral natures. They often need to have something in their mouth - chewing gum, candies, foods. Perhaps this is the reason for their propensity towards being damp and somewhat overweight.
The Metal Element
The Metal element encompasses a great deal of issues regarding giving and taking to and from the environment. Frequently, this element winds up depressed when there is loss or grief. Often these emotions can be repressed and manifest in unusual respiratory difficulties, asthmas, and frequent upper respiratory infections. Commonly, when depressed, Metal types sigh, cry and sob, and lack a sense of boundary between the "self' and others. They are prone to the sufferance of the world, which is termed "weltschmerz'' This is a Freudian term that depicts the person who takes the pains and suffering of the world onto their own shoulders. Therefore, this type of a case may also involve a sense of grieving that seems overwhelming and all-encompassing. The Metal element types are environmentally sensitive, but are also more easily influenced in a therapeutic setting with regards to their emotional status. They often appear with soft weak voices, and pale complexions. They are generally of thin stature and when depressed, appear meager and weak. In many cases, these patients will have rather clear regrets over the past and feel that there is a significant desire to wish things could only have gone differently. These people often feel plagued by circumstance, and therefore grieve over past issues and losses that they hang on to.
In strong contrast to the above mentioned elements is the Water element. This is the most clinically significant and potentially dangerous type of elemental depression. This is the element that is most greatly influenced by the pre-natal Jing - hence, genetics. In these cases, the patient is depressed and does not have any insight into why or any reasons that may have caused the descent into a depressive illness. These patients are most susceptible to severe psychological imbalances, such as schizophrenia, psychoses, and severe major depressive episodes. In many cases. the patient will become despondent and unable to do even the simplest of chores for themselves. Their depression seems to reach down into the very core of the person's being - their spirit and soul. These patients become incommunicable, and sink rather deeply into their illness. These are the most difficult of all of the elements to treat successfully. These patients appear desperate, paranoid, and out of touch. They fear life and death, and don't have any sense of what their fear means. Usually these people feel that they are beyond help, and no longer seek assistance in their grave dilemma over their life. They also reluctantly fear leaving their homes, and seem to lose their sense of purpose in life. They may appear in a clinic, usually accompanied, and be ungroomed, easily distracted and very scattered. They may have nervous tremors, and seem fearful or totally apathetic. These cases may be misdiagnosed, because it is easy to interpret the patient's signs as arrogance or poor hygiene. Yet, it is important to recognize the desperation of the person's plight because these patients are the ones most prone to suicidal tendencies. Since they feel so lost and don't grasp what is plaguing them on such a pervasive and personal level, they often resort to the ultimate escape from their misery - suicide.
In each of the elements discussed, there are specific clues and hints as to which element is predominant in the given case. It is helpful to ask questions that may evoke the necessary information in order to reach a diagnosis. One must use tact, empathy and a direct approach that is not overly involved, while still maintaining a concerned and caring disposition. The use of the five elements is only a tool in diagnosing and dealing with a case of depression. The elements afford practitioners an added sense of comprehension and clarity in a patient's case. However, it is important to focus on the most comprehensive and effective means of treatment. As alternative health care practitioners, it is also crucial to recognize the importance of dealing with the patient on a psychologically therapeutic level. In most cases of depression, there are unseen, underlying triggers that we as acupuncturists are not trained to deal with. Hence, it requires a delicate balance that always keeps the patients' best interests foremost in mind.
In conclusion, depression must be dealt with on every level of the person's being. The theoretical model of the five elements can be useful in diagnosing and treating a patient suffering from depressive illness. As stated previously, it is vital to assess the severity of a depressive's condition, and tend to their individual needs. In any case, the five element approach can be seen as one perspective in dealing with these conditions.
Stephanie Schneider-Guild, L.Ac., MTOM is a graduate of Pacific College or Oriental Medicine